Abstract
A 6-year experiment examined the effects of spring and summer fires on grasses in southern Wisconsin. Synthetic communities of C3 and C4 grasses were seeded (100 seeds m-2 species-1) in 1992 and subjected to prescribed burns in May and August of 1995 and 1997, or left unburned. By 1994 all plots were virtual monocultures of the C3 reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). By the second post-season sample in 1998, total productivity of plots burned in May was higher (781 +/- 212 se g m-2 year-1) than those burned in August (362 +/- 28 g m-2 year-1) or left unburned (262 +/- 43 g m-2 year-1) due to the incursions of either the C4 grasses big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L), or both. These large late-season grasses are much more productive per area covered than P. arundinacea or the other two C3 grasses present, Elymus virginicus L. and Poa pratensis L. Even at this early stage of succession, C4 production in plots burned in May was 5 to 6 times that in the other 2 treatments. August burns produced a mix of C3 and C4 grasses but did not strongly favor the pre-treatment C3 dominant P. arundinacea. Unburned plots most resembled those burned in August in species composition, but differed in having 4 times the accumulated litter, perhaps foretelling divergence in C3 and C4 composition as succession proceeds.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
By the second post-season sample in 1998, May-burned plots had higher total productivity than August-burned plots.
Verbatim
e0“examined the effects of spring and summer fires on grasses in southern Wisconsin”
e1“By the second post-season sample in 1998, total productivity of plots burned in May was higher (781 +/- 212 se g m-2 year-1) than those burned in August (362 +/- 28 g m-2 year-1) or left unburned (262 +/- 43 g m-2 year-1)”
e2“subjected to prescribed burns in May and August of 1995 and 1997, or left unburned”
Claim · model-written summary
By the second post-season sample in 1998, May-burned plots had higher total productivity than unburned plots.
Verbatim
e0“examined the effects of spring and summer fires on grasses in southern Wisconsin”
e1“By the second post-season sample in 1998, total productivity of plots burned in May was higher (781 +/- 212 se g m-2 year-1) than those burned in August (362 +/- 28 g m-2 year-1) or left unburned (262 +/- 43 g m-2 year-1)”
e2“subjected to prescribed burns in May and August of 1995 and 1997, or left unburned”
Claim · model-written summary
C4 production in May-burned plots was 5 to 6 times that in the other two treatments early in succession.
Verbatim
e0“examined the effects of spring and summer fires on grasses in southern Wisconsin”
e2“subjected to prescribed burns in May and August of 1995 and 1997, or left unburned”
e3“C4 production in plots burned in May was 5 to 6 times that in the other 2 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
August burns produced a mix of C3 and C4 grasses and did not strongly favor Phalaris arundinacea.
- Taxon
- P. arundinacea
Phalaris arundinaceae5 - Treatment
- August burnse5
- Outcome
- mix of C3 and C4 grassese5
- Qualifier
- did not strongly favore5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“August burns produced a mix of C3 and C4 grasses but did not strongly favor the pre-treatment C3 dominant P. arundinacea”
Claim · model-written summary
By 1994 all plots were virtual monocultures of Phalaris arundinacea.
- Taxon
- Phalaris arundinaceaPhalaris arundinaceae4
- Outcome
- virtual monoculturese4
- Qualifier
- By 1994e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“By 1994 all plots were virtual monocultures of the C3 reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Unburned plots had 4 times the accumulated litter of August-burned plots.
Verbatim
e0“examined the effects of spring and summer fires on grasses in southern Wisconsin”
e2“subjected to prescribed burns in May and August of 1995 and 1997, or left unburned”
e6“Unburned plots most resembled those burned in August in species composition, but differed in having 4 times the accumulated litter”
Claim · model-written summary
Unburned plots most resembled August-burned plots in species composition.
Verbatim
e0“examined the effects of spring and summer fires on grasses in southern Wisconsin”
e2“subjected to prescribed burns in May and August of 1995 and 1997, or left unburned”
e6“Unburned plots most resembled those burned in August in species composition, but differed in having 4 times the accumulated litter”