Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Heat treatment formed knobs on growing points and other parts of seeds and infant plants.

Taxon: ARDISIAArdisiat0
Organ / stage: seeds and infant plantse0
Treatment: heate0
Outcome: knobs are formede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

t0
“ARDISIA”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 68–75

e0
“when we treat the seeds and infant plants with heat, knobs are formed on the growing point and the other parts”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 854–964

Title

STUDIES ON THE LEAF NODULES. : II. ON THE LEAF NODULES IN THE GENUS ARDISIA.

山田, 保 Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) 1952

Other claims from this paper (10)

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chromosome knobs do not influence the variability in length of the chromosome arms in which they occur in corn.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Chromosome knobse5
Outcome: variability in length of chromosome armse5
Direction: no_changeinferrede5

Verbatim

t0
“Chromosomes of Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 53–72

e5
“Chromosome knobs do not appear to influence variability in length of chromosome arms in which they occur”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1099–1203

Title

Variability in Length and Arm Ratio of the Pachytene Chromosomes of Corn

Marjorie P. Maguire CYTOLOGIA 1962. doi:10.1508/cytologia.27.248

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Highly condensed heterochromatin including knobs replicated during late S phase.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Organ / stage: late S phasee1
Outcome: Highly condensed heterochromatin, including knobs, replicatede1

Verbatim

e0
“developing maize root tips”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–448

e1
“Highly condensed heterochromatin, including knobs, replicated during late S phase as previously reported.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1218–1323

Title

Defining multiple, distinct, and shared spatiotemporal patterns of DNA replication and endoreduplication from 3D image analysis of developing maize (Zea mays L.) root tip nuclei

Hank W. Bass; Gregg G. Hoffman; Tae-Jin Lee; et al. Plant Molecular Biology 2015. doi:10.1007/s11103-015-0364-4

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oak mantle cystidia are conically shaped with knobs at their tips and thickened cell walls.

Taxon: English oak (Quercus robur L.)Quercus robure0
Outcome: conically shaped cellse2
Qualifier: knobs at their tips and thickened cell wallse2

Verbatim

e0
“ectomycorrhizal short roots of English oak (Quercus robur L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 142–203

e2
“These conically shaped cells have knobs at their tips and thickened cell walls”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 305–383

Title

Light and transmission electron microscopy of English oak ectomycorrhizal short roots

H. H. Edwards; R. V. Gessner Canadian Journal of Botany 1984. doi:10.1139/b84-180

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Small knobs occurred on the scutellum of intact rice embryos on callus induction medium.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Organ / stage: intact embryose0
Treatment: callus induction mediume0
Outcome: small knobs on the scutellum regione0

Verbatim

e0
“The observations revealed an occurrence of small knobs on the scutellum region of intact embryos inoculated on a callus induction medium.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 218–355

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–58

Title

A scanning electron microscope study on Japonica type rice callus cultures, with emphasis on plantlet initiation.

Tiemi NAKAMURA; Eizo MAEDA Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1989. doi:10.1626/jcs.58.395

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ficus fistulosa figs were borne in clusters on woody knobs or short leafless twigs.

Taxon: F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Blum.Ficus fistulosae1
Organ / stage: trunk and main branchese0
Outcome: figs are borne in clusters on woody knobs or short, leafless twigse0

Verbatim

e0
“The figs are borne in clusters on woody knobs or short, leafless twigs on the trunk and main branches.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1082–1184

e1
“F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Blum.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 983–1011

Title

The Phenology of Ficus fistulosa in Singapore

Richard T. Corlett Biotropica 1987. doi:10.2307/2388733

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fruits are straight with green-white skin, few knobs and spines, and a podgy caput.

Taxon: CucumberCucumis sativust0
Outcome: podgy fruit caput, green-white skin, few small knobs and spinese0

Verbatim

e0
“Fruits are straight with 30 cm in length, 5 cm in diameter, 280 gram in single fruit, with podgy fruit caput, green-white skin, few small knobs and spines”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 221–375

t0
“Cucumber Cultivar”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 21–38

Title

Development of a New Cucumber Cultivar, 'Ehuang No.3'

Gao Xian 2008

Other claims from this paper (10)

Method / resource Ehuang No.3 was developed by crossing 27-11 and 03-13-1.
Observation Ehuang No.3 is extremely early maturing.
Observation Ehuang No.3 tolerates low temperature.
Observation Ehuang No.3 fruits mainly on the main stem.
Observation Its fruits are 30 cm long.
Observation Its fruits are 5 cm in diameter.
Observation Its single fruit weight is 280 gram.
Observation Fresh fruits are delicious, crisp and aromatic.
Observation Spring greenhouse yield is 67.5 t/hm2.
Observation Autumn greenhouse yield is 52.5 t/hm2.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Large-knob chromosomes broke more often than small-knob chromosomes.

Taxon: MAIZEZea mayst0
Material: Chromosomes with large knobse0
Outcome: brokene0
Direction: more frequentlye0
Comparator: those with smaller knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“Chromosomes with large knobs are more frequently broken than are those with smaller knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 635–724

t0
“MAIZE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–71

Title

ON THE MECHANISM OF CHROMATIN LOSS INDUCED BY THE B CHROMOSOME OF MAIZE

M M Rhoades; Ellen Dempsey Genetics 1972. doi:10.1093/genetics/71.1.73

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Knobbed regions were frequently eliminated at second microspore division with at least two B chromosomes.
Intervention effect One B chromosome caused little or no chromatin loss.
Intervention effect More than two B chromosomes did not increase loss rate.
Intervention effect B chromosomes from an unrelated strain induced loss as effectively as those from the original high-loss stock.
Observation B-induced chromatin loss was restricted to knobbed A chromosomes at second microspore division.
Observation Knobbed chromosomes 3, 5 and 9 each interacted with B chromosomes to cause loss.
Observation Knobless chromosomes showed negligible loss.
Association Modifying genes markedly affected chromatin-loss rate.
Observation Two knobbed heterologous chromosomes had simultaneous loss more often than expected from independent events.
Observation Joint loss occurred in competent cells.
Observation B and deficient chromosomes assorted independently at second microspore anaphase.
Observation Crosses recovered diverse deficient chromosomes, indicating bridge breakage was not confined to the centric region.
Observation B-chromosome nondisjunction occurred during second microspore mitosis.
Observation Knobbed chromatin was eliminated during second microspore mitosis.
Mechanism Faulty heterochromatin replication was proposed to explain nondisjunction and breakage.
Mechanism Position of nonreplicating segments was proposed to determine nondisjunction versus breakage.
Mechanism The authors propose that B chromosomes act as parasitic elements controlling knob replication and sperm competition.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

RN frequency at knobs was similar to or above average SC frequency.

Taxon: Zea maysZea mayst0
Outcome: frequency of RNs at knobse0
Direction: similar to or highere0
Comparator: average frequency of RNs along the SCse0

Verbatim

e0
“The frequency of RNs at knobs is either similar to or higher than the average frequency of RNs along the SCs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1165–1273

t0
“Zea mays”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–60

Title

High-Resolution Crossover Maps for Each Bivalent of Zea mays Using Recombination Nodules

Lorinda K Anderson; Gregory G Doyle; Brian Brigham; et al. Genetics 2003. doi:10.1093/genetics/165.2.849

Other claims from this paper (7)

Method / resource An SC karyotype identified each maize SC and linked it to a linkage group.
Method / resource Maps were produced from 4267 RNs on 2080 SCs.
Association RN frequency correlated closely with chiasma frequency and SC length.
Observation The RN map was about twofold shorter than most maize linkage maps.
Observation Relative lengths of individual bivalent maps corresponded well.
Observation Each bivalent had a unique crossover distribution.
Observation All bivalents had high distal RN frequency and reduced RN frequency near kinetochores.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs contained epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, with no meristem or leaf-nodule-bacteria detected.

Outcome: epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, and no meristem and leaf-nodule-bacteriae0

Not reportedTaxonDirection

Verbatim

e0
“The knobs are formed of epidermis, cortex and central cylinder, and no meristem and leaf-nodule-bacteria are recognized in any part of them by microscope”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 773–926

Title

Studies on the Leaf Nodules V The Formation of Knobs by the Effect of Antibiotics on theArdisia crispa andA. punctata

Tamotsu YAMADA Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1955. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.68.267

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. crispa seedlings.
Intervention effect Antibiotics induced knobs and stopped growth in A. punctata seedlings.
Intervention effect A. japonica did not form knobs after antibiotic or heat treatment.
Association Knob formation increased with antibiotic concentration and treatment duration.
Observation A. crispa had a higher knob-forming ratio than A. punctata under the same treatment.
Observation A. crispa knobs were larger than those of A. punctata.
Observation Knob structure resembled that after heat treatment.
Mechanism The authors proposed that a substance secreted by dying leaf-nodule bacteria induces knob formation and may contribute to leaf nodules.

“knobs”

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