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Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The form, magnitude, and rate of the Ulmus decline are consistent with a pathogenic attack.

Taxon: UlmusUlmuse2
Outcome: Ulmus declinee2
Qualifier: pathogenic attacke2

Verbatim

e2
“The form, magnitude, and rate of decrease of the Ulmus decline at Diss Mere are all consistent with the hypothesis of a pathogenic attack”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1061–1198

Title

The mid-Holocene Ulmus decline at Diss Mere, Norfolk, UK: a year-by-year pollen stratigraphy from annual laminations

Sylvia M. Peglar The Holocene 1993. doi:10.1177/095968369300300101

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After 52 weeks at 4°C, 40RNF declined one to two orders of magnitude.

Taxon: sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
Interactor: 40RNFe0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: numbers of 40RNFe0
Direction: declinede0
Value: one to two orders of magnitudee0

Verbatim

e0
“After 52 weeks of storage at 4°C,the numbers of 40RNF had declined by one to two orders of magnitude, with a decrease of approximately 50% in disease control.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 617–775

t0
“Sugar Beet”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–65

Title

Shelf-life of a BiocontrolPseudomonas putidaApplied to Sugar Beet Seeds Using Commercial Coatings

D. A. SHAH-SMITH; R. G. BURNS Biocontrol Science and Technology 1997. doi:10.1080/09583159731054

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Only 7.1% of applied Pseudomonas survived film coating.
Observation Initial concentration achieved 83.3% of the target rate.
Observation After 52 weeks at 4°C, disease control decreased about 50%.
Observation At 18-20°C after 52 weeks, 40RNF fell below detection.
Observation At 18-20°C after 52 weeks, biocontrol activity did not decline.
Observation Survival during pellet incorporation was below 0.2%.
Observation Pellet-stored bacterial viability and biocontrol efficacy remained at control values for 24 weeks.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After 52 weeks at 4°C, disease control decreased about 50%.

Taxon: sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
Interactor: 40RNFe0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: disease controle0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: approximately 50%e0

Verbatim

e0
“After 52 weeks of storage at 4°C,the numbers of 40RNF had declined by one to two orders of magnitude, with a decrease of approximately 50% in disease control.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 617–775

t0
“Sugar Beet”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–65

Title

Shelf-life of a BiocontrolPseudomonas putidaApplied to Sugar Beet Seeds Using Commercial Coatings

D. A. SHAH-SMITH; R. G. BURNS Biocontrol Science and Technology 1997. doi:10.1080/09583159731054

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Only 7.1% of applied Pseudomonas survived film coating.
Observation Initial concentration achieved 83.3% of the target rate.
Observation After 52 weeks at 4°C, 40RNF declined one to two orders of magnitude.
Observation At 18-20°C after 52 weeks, 40RNF fell below detection.
Observation At 18-20°C after 52 weeks, biocontrol activity did not decline.
Observation Survival during pellet incorporation was below 0.2%.
Observation Pellet-stored bacterial viability and biocontrol efficacy remained at control values for 24 weeks.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The root respiration increase was 7.4%.

Taxon: Norway sprucePicea abiest0
Outcome: root respiratione0
Direction: increasee0
Value: 7.4 %e0

Verbatim

e0
“This increase in root respiration was of the same order of magnitude (7.4 %) as the decrease in dry matter production by mycorrhizal plants (10.1 %).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1591–1740

t0
“Norway spruce”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–77

Title

Growth and mineral nutrition of non‐mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings grown in semi‐hydroponic sand culture

LUDGER ELTROP; HORST MARSCHNER New Phytologist 1996. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01915.x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal infection decreased seedling growth.
Observation Mycorrhizal infection reached 55–71% of root tips.
Observation Fungal biomass accounted for less than 3% of plant dry matter.
Intervention effect Fungal biomass was significantly lower under nitrate than ammonium.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had higher CO2 assimilation than nonmycorrhizal plants under both N sources.
Intervention effect High light intensity increased CO2 assimilation.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizae significantly increased intact root respiration under ammonium.
Observation The respiratory quotient reached 49.3% at 30°C and low light.
Observation The respiratory quotient fell to 11.7% at 10°C and high light.
Intervention effect Under ammonium, the proportion of carbon lost to root respiration was significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Dry matter production in mycorrhizal plants decreased 10.1%.
Intervention effect Under nitrate, mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants had no significant respiratory quotient difference.
Observation Fungal mycelium respiration accounted for 31.3% of total mycorrhizal root respiration with ammonium.
Observation Fungal mycelium respiration accounted for 8.3% of total mycorrhizal root respiration with nitrate.
Observation Fungal dry weight was 4% under ammonium.
Observation Fungal dry weight was 2.5% under nitrate.
Observation Calculated fungal respiration was 11.1 times root tissue respiration under ammonium.
Observation Calculated fungal respiration was 3.4 times root tissue respiration under nitrate.
Observation Carbohydrate concentrations did not consistently differ between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants; increased root respiration was interpreted as the main cause of reduced growth, with extramatrical fungal biomass minor.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The mid-Holocene elm decline was caused by a combination of disease and human activity.

Taxon: UlmusUlmuse2
Outcome: elm declinee4
Qualifier: a combination of disease and human activitye4

Verbatim

e2
“The form, magnitude, and rate of decrease of the Ulmus decline at Diss Mere are all consistent with the hypothesis of a pathogenic attack”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1061–1198

e4
“All the available evidence from Diss supports the hypothesis that the mid-Holocene 'elm decline' was caused by a combination of disease and human activity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1200–1354

Title

The mid-Holocene Ulmus decline at Diss Mere, Norfolk, UK: a year-by-year pollen stratigraphy from annual laminations

Sylvia M. Peglar The Holocene 1993. doi:10.1177/095968369300300101

Other claims from this paper (3)

“magnitude of decrease”

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