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“decrease in A”

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1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

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Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Breaking down the plants artificially before a typhoon is recommended to decrease head vibration.

Taxon: rice plantOryza sativae0
Treatment: break down the plants artificiallye1
Outcome: decrease the vibration of heade1

Verbatim

e0
“Studies on Wind Damage of Rice Plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–36

e1
“(3) break down the plants artificially in order to decrease the vibration of head just before the time of a typhoon attack”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2616–2738

Title

Studies on Wind Damage of Rice Plant

Y. TSUBOI; N. HITAKA Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 1966. doi:10.2480/agrmet.21.127

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation No grain was shattered in rice plants exposed to wind of 9 m/s or weaker.
Observation Grain shattering at 12 m/s wind was 0.3 percent.
Intervention effect The percentage of shattering increased quickly with increasing wind speed.
Intervention effect Breaking-type lodging increased with increasing wind speed.
Association Shattered grains in lodged rice plants were fewer than in non-lodged plants.
Observation The most shattering loss in rice plants occurs at a wind speed of about 15 m/s.
Observation Shattering did not occur at the heading stage and started one week after heading.
Observation The maximum shattering loss of about 40 percent occurred in rice plants treated four weeks after heading.
Observation Grains on the upper part of the rice head were the easiest to be shattered.
Recommendation Windbreaks or hedges are recommended to decrease wind speed over rice fields.
Recommendation Breeding strong-resistance rice varieties is recommended to reduce shattering loss.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors interpret protection of rachilla senescence as a means to complete maturity.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Outcome: to protect a senescence of the rachillae0

Verbatim

e0
“to protect a senescence of the rachilla supporting a spikelet means to perfect the maturity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 672–763

t0
“Rice Panicle”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 14–26

Title

Senescence in Rice Panicle : I. A decrease in dehydrogenase activity in the kernel senescence

Haruhiko NAKAYAMA Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1969. doi:10.1626/jcs.38.338

Other claims from this paper (2)

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Decreased apparent photosynthesis was suggested as an indicator of incorporated radiation damage.

Taxon: Pinus strobus L.Pinus strobust0
Outcome: decrease in the rate of apparent photosynthesis may be used as an indicator of radiation damagee0

Verbatim

e0
“a decrease in the rate of apparent photosynthesis may be used as an indicator of radiation damage brought about by the incorporated 14 CO 2”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 917–1056

t0
“Pinus strobus L. seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–70

Title

Effects of radiation from ¹⁴CO₂ absorbed by Pinus strobus L. seedlings during photosynthesis on their subsequent growth and metabolism

D. J. Ursino; V. Slankis; G. Krotkov Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 1968. doi:10.1139/o68-137

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation The location and magnitude of pine seedling growth depression varied by season of assimilation.
Intervention effect May and June assimilation suppressed new shoot growth most.
Intervention effect Fall assimilation suppressed root growth more strongly.
Observation Seedlings assimilating 14 CO 2 in fall appeared normal in winter.
Observation Those seedlings failed to develop new shoots the next spring.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend menazon-dressed seed where yellows is prevalent or a large aphid infestation is expected.

Taxon: sugar‐beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
Interactor: aphide0pest
Outcome: Menazon‐dressed sugar‐beet seede0

Verbatim

e0
“Menazon‐dressed sugar‐beet seed is recommended in regions where yellows is usually prevalent, or where there is reason to expect a large aphid infestation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 715–869

Title

The use of menazon seed dressing to decrease spread of virus yellows in sugar‐beet root crops

G. D. HEATHCOTE Annals of Applied Biology 1968. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1968.tb03854.x

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Menazon seed treatment decreased the proportion of aphid-infested seedlings.
Intervention effect Menazon seed treatment reduced aphids per plant to one-third of controls.
Intervention effect Menazon seed dressing checked virus yellows spread.
Intervention effect Menazon seed dressing increased sugar yield by about 8 cwt per acre in trials with substantial untreated yellows.
Intervention effect Demeton-methyl spraying gave a similar sugar yield increase.
Intervention effect Demeton-methyl spraying had no further effect on menazon-treated plots.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A spray gives a profitable yield increase when unsprayed yellows incidence is 20% at August end.

Taxon: sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
Outcome: profitable yield increasee0
Qualifier: yellows incidence in unsprayed plots is 20 % at the end of Auguste0

Verbatim

e0
“A spray gives a profitable yield increase when yellows incidence in unsprayed plots is 20 % at the end of August.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 848–961

t0
“sugar beet”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 101–111

Title

Experiments on the time of application of insecticide to decrease the spread of yellowing viruses of sugar beet, 1954‐66

R. HULL; G. D. HEATHCOTE Annals of Applied Biology 1967. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1967.tb04501.x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Demeton-methyl sprays decreased aphid spread of yellowing viruses in sugar beet.
Intervention effect one spray changed incidence by 36–41 % during 1957–1960.
Intervention effect two sprays changed incidence by 55 % during 1957–1960.
Intervention effect one spray changed yield by 1½ during 1957–1960.
Intervention effect two sprays changed yield by 2 ton/acre during 1957–1960.
Intervention effect a spray at the time when growers were advised to spray by the British Sugar Corporation decreased yellows incidence by 37 %.
Intervention effect sprays 2 weeks earlier decreased yellows incidence by 24 %.
Intervention effect later decreased yellows incidence by 25 %.
Observation An annual average of 160000 sugar beet acres were sprayed during 1958–1966.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Medium nitrogen is suggested to maximize strain contrast for leaf polyphenols.

Taxon: tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
Treatment: medium rate of N fertilizatione0
Outcome: maximal phenotypic contrast for leaf polyphenol concentration among tobacco strainse0

Verbatim

e0
“a medium rate of N fertilization increases oxidase in roots, polyphenoloxidase in particular, accompanied by a decrease of soluble polyphenol content in leaves, and produces a maximal phenotypic contrast for leaf polyphenol concentration among tobacco strains”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1344–1603

Title

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Polyphenol Content and Oxidase Activities in Tobacco Seedlings¹

S. J. Sheen; J. Calvert; G. R. Rebagay Crop Science 1969. doi:10.2135/cropsci1969.0011183x000900050008x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Tobacco leaves accumulated more polyphenols than roots.
Observation Chlorogenic acid and two isomers predominated among leaf polyphenols.
Observation Neochlorogenic acid was absent from roots.
Observation Roots contained high scopolin and scopoletin concentrations.
Observation Scopoletin was absent from seedling leaves.
Intervention effect Polyphenols were lowest under medium nitrogen, versus high and low nitrogen.
Observation High and low nitrogen reduced the distinction between high and low polyphenol strains.
Intervention effect High nitrate nutrition gave more polyphenols than high ammonium nutrition.
Observation Polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activity was higher in roots than leaves.
Intervention effect Medium nitrogen produced higher oxidase activities than high or low nitrogen.
Intervention effect High ammonium nitrogen increased both leaf oxidase activities.
Intervention effect High ammonium nitrogen decreased root polyphenoloxidase activity.

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