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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Controlled lighting significantly reduced sorting errors.

Treatment
controlled lighting systeme0
Outcome
sorting errorse0
Direction
reductione0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0

“A controlled lighting system was implemented to optimize the quality of the captured images, which allowed for a significant reduction in sorting errors.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 870–1023

Title

Implementation of an Automated Solanum Tuberosum Grading System using Image Processing

Armando Josué Piña Díaz; Mauricio Aarón Pérez Romero; Iván Lenín Cruz Jaramillo Científica 2025. doi:10.46842/ipn.cien.v29n1a01

Other claims from this paper (3)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Trajectory fitting and coordinate correction significantly reduced vibration-induced errors in walnut trunk localization.

Taxon
Walnutt0
Treatment
trajectory fitting and coordinate correctione3
Outcome
vibration-induced errorse3
Direction
reducese3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0

“Walnut Trunks”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–63
e3

“After trajectory fitting and coordinate correction, it significantly reduces vibration-induced errors and enhances localization accuracy”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1085–1221

Title

Rapid Identification and Accurate Localization of Walnut Trunks Based on TIoU-YOLOv8n-Pruned

Chenchen Ye; Yan Xu; Jianping Zhou; et al. Agriculture 2025. doi:10.3390/agriculture15232405

Other claims from this paper (5)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Assessor error distributions differed significantly between the groups trained with and without Phomadidacte.

Taxon
oilseed rapeBrassica napuse0
Treatment
using Phomadidactee7
Interactor
Leptosphaeria maculansPlenodomus lingame0pathogen
Outcome
distribution of errorse6
Comparator
without using Phomadidactee7

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Phoma stem canker (caused by Leptosphaeria maculans) is one of the main diseases that affect oilseed rape world-wide”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–116
e6

“The distribution of errors (experts minus the assessors' grade) was significantly different between the two groups of assessors”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3021–3148
e7

“two groups of ten assessors who have been evaluated either with or without using Phomadidacte”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2484–2577

Title

Phomadidacte: A Computer-Aided Training Program for the Severity Assessment of Phoma Stem Canker of Oilseed Rape

Jean‐Noël Aubertot; Yassine Sohbi; Hortense Brun; et al. Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) 2004

Other claims from this paper (4)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher fertilization significantly increased rice grain-filling rate.

Treatment
higher application levelse0
Outcome
grain-filling ratee0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Fertilization results showed that higher application levels significantly increased the grain-filling rate and thousand-grain weight (both p < 0.001), but had no significant effect on panicle number or grain count per panicle (p > 0.05).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1120–1357
e7

“on a rice field”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 612–627

Title

Performance Evaluation of a UAV-Based Graded Precision Spraying System: Analysis of Spray Accuracy, Response Errors, and Field Efficacy

Yang Lyu; Seung-Hwa Yu; Chun-Gu Lee; et al. Agriculture 2025. doi:10.3390/agriculture15192070

Other claims from this paper (6)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher fertilization significantly increased rice thousand-grain weight.

Treatment
higher application levelse0
Outcome
thousand-grain weighte0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Fertilization results showed that higher application levels significantly increased the grain-filling rate and thousand-grain weight (both p < 0.001), but had no significant effect on panicle number or grain count per panicle (p > 0.05).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1120–1357
e7

“on a rice field”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 612–627

Title

Performance Evaluation of a UAV-Based Graded Precision Spraying System: Analysis of Spray Accuracy, Response Errors, and Field Efficacy

Yang Lyu; Seung-Hwa Yu; Chun-Gu Lee; et al. Agriculture 2025. doi:10.3390/agriculture15192070

Other claims from this paper (6)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing the rehydration time beyond 1-3 h significantly underpredicted RWC.

Taxon
14 different plant speciese0
Treatment
increasing the rehydration timee2
Outcome
RWCe2
Direction
underpredictione2
Comparator
1-3 h of rehydratione2

Verbatim

e0

“in 14 different plant species from trees, grasses and herbs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 358–417
e2

“Leaves from all species were fully turgid after 1-3 h of rehydration and increasing the rehydration time resulted in a significant underprediction of RWC”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 542–695

Title

Apoplastic water fraction and rehydration techniques introduce significant errors in measurements of relative water content and osmotic potential in plant leaves

Stefan K. Arndt; Andi Irawan; Gregor J. Sanders Physiologia Plantarum 2015. doi:10.1111/ppl.12380

Other claims from this paper (7)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The photosynthetic response at the chloroplast (A-Cc) was significantly less affected by leakage than A-Ci curves.

Treatment
leakagee6
Outcome
photosynthetic response to CO2 concentrations at the chloroplaste6
Direction
less affectede6
Comparator
A-Ci curvese6

Verbatim

e4

“The magnitude of these errors was assessed in tobacco plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1059–1119
e6

“The photosynthetic response to CO2 concentrations at the chloroplast (i.e. A-Cc curves) was significantly less affected by leakage than A-Ci curves”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1392–1539

Title

Analysis of leakage in IRGA's leaf chambers of open gas exchange systems: quantification and its effects in photosynthesis parameterization

J Flexas; A Diaz-Espejo; J. Berry; et al. Journal of Experimental Botany 2007. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm027

Other claims from this paper (8)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The critical F-distribution of 5.05 suggests a significant difference in the means of the U.S. 20 mesh data and the U.S. 40 mesh data for cassia bark.

Taxon
cassia barkt0
Treatment
U.S. 20 meshe1
Outcome
meanse1
Value
5.05e1
Comparator
U.S. 40 mesh datae1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e1

“The critical F-distribution is 5.05, suggesting a significant difference in the means of the U.S. 20 mesh data and the U.S. 40 mesh data”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 491–627
t0

“Cassia Bark (Cinnamon)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–47

Title

Volatile Oil Analysis Of Cassia Bark (Cinnamon): Investigation Of Systematic Errors

Raymond M Way Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 1985. doi:10.1093/jaoac/68.4.622

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Other claims from this paper (3)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Making the vapor pressure deficit term depend on a declining function of leaf area index and fixing canopy internal resistance gave a significant improvement in model performance over the original model.

Treatment
making the vapor pressure deficit term dependent on a declining function of leaf area indexe3
Outcome
performancee3
Direction
improvemente3
Comparator
original modele5

Verbatim

t0

“Transpiration in a Greenhouse Tomato Crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–88
e3

“A significant improvement in performance was obtained by making the vapor pressure deficit term dependent on a declining function of leaf area index and by fixing the internal resistance of the canopy as a constant”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 526–738
e5

“the errors were much more consistent across canopy density, vapor pressure deficit and ventilation flow rate than with the original model”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 840–975

Title

The Penman-Monteith Equation As a Predictor of Transpiration in a Greenhouse Tomato Crop

D. H. Willits 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003 2003. doi:10.13031/2013.15035

Other claims from this paper (4)

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