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“dry weight decrease”

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2000 ’10 ’20

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Organism: Sorghum bicolor ✕

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ABA reduced fresh and dry weight of sorghum embryos.

Taxon: Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolort0
Organ / stage: embryose0
Treatment: ABAe0
Outcome: fresh weight and dry weighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“a remarkable decrease in fresh weight and dry weight was observed in embryos under ABA and NaCl treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 568–674

t0
“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–133

Title

Effect of plant growth hormones and abiotic stresses on germination, growth and phosphatase activities in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench seeds

Dev Sharma Arun; Thakur Meenu; Rana Meenakshi; et al. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2004. doi:10.5897/ajb2004.000-2057

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect ABA markedly decreased sorghum germination.
Intervention effect NaCl markedly decreased sorghum germination.
Intervention effect Drought markedly decreased sorghum germination.
Intervention effect NaCl reduced fresh and dry weight of sorghum embryos.
Intervention effect Drought significantly reduced sorghum endosperm fresh weight.
Intervention effect Endosperm dry weight showed no significant change under the other treatments.
Intervention effect GA3 increased acid phosphatase activity in sorghum embryos.
Intervention effect NaCl increased acid phosphatase activity in sorghum embryos.
Intervention effect Embryo alkaline phosphatase activity was higher under all treatments.
Intervention effect ABA significantly increased acid phosphatase activity in sorghum endosperm.
Intervention effect NaCl significantly increased acid phosphatase activity in sorghum endosperm.
Intervention effect GA3 raised alkaline phosphatase activity in sorghum endosperm.
Intervention effect Drought caused no substantial change in sorghum endosperm acid and alkaline phosphatase activities.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NaCl reduced fresh and dry weight of sorghum embryos.

Taxon: Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSorghum bicolort0
Organ / stage: embryose0
Treatment: NaCle0
Outcome: fresh weight and dry weighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“a remarkable decrease in fresh weight and dry weight was observed in embryos under ABA and NaCl treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 568–674

t0
“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–133

Title

Effect of plant growth hormones and abiotic stresses on germination, growth and phosphatase activities in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench seeds

Dev Sharma Arun; Thakur Meenu; Rana Meenakshi; et al. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2004. doi:10.5897/ajb2004.000-2057

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect ABA markedly decreased sorghum germination.
Intervention effect NaCl markedly decreased sorghum germination.
Intervention effect Drought markedly decreased sorghum germination.
Intervention effect ABA reduced fresh and dry weight of sorghum embryos.
Intervention effect Drought significantly reduced sorghum endosperm fresh weight.
Intervention effect Endosperm dry weight showed no significant change under the other treatments.
Intervention effect GA3 increased acid phosphatase activity in sorghum embryos.
Intervention effect NaCl increased acid phosphatase activity in sorghum embryos.
Intervention effect Embryo alkaline phosphatase activity was higher under all treatments.
Intervention effect ABA significantly increased acid phosphatase activity in sorghum endosperm.
Intervention effect NaCl significantly increased acid phosphatase activity in sorghum endosperm.
Intervention effect GA3 raised alkaline phosphatase activity in sorghum endosperm.
Intervention effect Drought caused no substantial change in sorghum endosperm acid and alkaline phosphatase activities.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fresh and dry weight of embryos decreased under ABA and NaCl treatments.

Taxon: Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
Organ / stage: embryose1
Treatment: ABA and NaCle1
Outcome: fresh weight and dry weighte1
Direction: decreasee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench seeds”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 133–166

e1
“a remarkable decrease in fresh weight and dry weight was observed in embryos under ABA and NaCl treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 568–674

Title

Full Length Research Paper - Effect of plant growth hormones and abiotic stresseson germination, growth and phosphatase activities inSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench seeds

Arun Dev Sharma; Meenu Thakur; Meenakshi Rana; et al. TSpace 2004

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Germination decreased markedly under ABA, NaCl and drought treatments.
Intervention effect Endosperm fresh weight decreased significantly, and only under drought stress.
Intervention effect Endosperm dry weight showed no significant change under the other treatments.
Intervention effect Acid phosphatase activity increased in embryos under NaCl.
Intervention effect Alkaline phosphatase activity was substantially higher under all treatments.
Intervention effect Acid phosphatase activity increased significantly in endosperm under ABA and NaCl.
Intervention effect Alkaline phosphatase activity was apparently higher under GA3.
Intervention effect Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities showed no substantial change after drought.
Mechanism Changes in phosphatase enzymes might play a role in the adaptation of germinating sorghum seeds to changing environments.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased dry weight by 63.9%.

Taxon: Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
Treatment: Droughte1
Outcome: dry weight (DW)e1
Direction: decreasee1
Value: 63.9 %e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a cereal crop renowned for its ability to moderately tolerate drought stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–107

e1
“Drought led to a decrease in shoot length (SL), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and total chlorophyll (Chlt) content by 43.6 %, 58.0 %, 63.9 % and 45.0 % respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 843–1013

Title

Green-synthesized bimetallic Zinc Ferrite (franklinite) nanoparticles prevent drought-induced growth reduction and oxidative stress in Sorghum bicolor through improved nutrient content and the antioxidant defense

Nzumbululo Ndou; Pfunzo Gavhi; Mulisa Nkuna; et al. Plant Nano Biology 2025. doi:10.1016/j.plana.2025.100227

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Drought decreased shoot length by 43.6%.
Intervention effect Drought decreased fresh weight by 58.0%.
Intervention effect Drought decreased total chlorophyll content by 45.0%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased shoot length by 138%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased fresh weight by 251.23%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased dry weight by 251%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased total chlorophyll content by 104%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L reduced oxidative stress through improved antioxidant activity.
Mechanism Drought-associated growth decreases correlated with vascular tissue alteration, nutrient imbalance and ROS overaccumulation, causing oxidative damage in sorghum seedlings.
Observation Synthesised ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles showed an absorbance peak at 296 nm.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt stress levels decreased germination ratio, plumule length and dry seedling weight in sorghum.

Taxon: Sorghum bicolor L.Sorghum bicolore0
Treatment: increasing levels of salt stresse3
Outcome: germination ratio, plumule length, dry seedling weighte3
Direction: decreaseinferrede3

Verbatim

e0
“Sorghum bicolor L. cultivars (Inqath, Rabeh and Buhoth70)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 177–234

e3
“significant negative impact as long as increasing levels of salt stress at germination ratio, plumule length, dry seedling weight and seedling vigor index”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 533–687

Title

Seed priming of sorghum cultivars to tolerate salt stress

M O Shihab; J H Hamza IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2019. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/388/1/012044

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Cultivar Buhoth70 showed significant superiority over the other cultivars.
Intervention effect Primed seed was significantly superior to unprimed seed.
Association Increasing salt stress levels decreased seedling vigor index in sorghum.
Intervention effect Primed sorghum seed tolerated salt stress better than unprimed seed at the same stress level.
Observation A significant positive correlation was found between all traits studied in sorghum seed priming.
Recommendation The authors recommend priming sorghum seeds before planting under salt stress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased fresh weight by 58.0%.

Taxon: Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
Treatment: Droughte1
Outcome: fresh weight (FW)e1
Direction: decreasee1
Value: 58.0 %e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a cereal crop renowned for its ability to moderately tolerate drought stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–107

e1
“Drought led to a decrease in shoot length (SL), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and total chlorophyll (Chlt) content by 43.6 %, 58.0 %, 63.9 % and 45.0 % respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 843–1013

Title

Nzumbululo Ndou; Pfunzo Gavhi; Mulisa Nkuna; et al. Plant Nano Biology 2025. doi:10.1016/j.plana.2025.100227

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Drought decreased shoot length by 43.6%.
Intervention effect Drought decreased dry weight by 63.9%.
Intervention effect Drought decreased total chlorophyll content by 45.0%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased shoot length by 138%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased fresh weight by 251.23%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased dry weight by 251%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased total chlorophyll content by 104%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L reduced oxidative stress through improved antioxidant activity.
Mechanism Drought-associated growth decreases correlated with vascular tissue alteration, nutrient imbalance and ROS overaccumulation, causing oxidative damage in sorghum seedlings.
Observation Synthesised ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles showed an absorbance peak at 296 nm.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased shoot length by 43.6%.

Taxon: Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
Treatment: Droughte1
Outcome: shoot length (SL)e1
Direction: decreasee1
Value: 43.6 %e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a cereal crop renowned for its ability to moderately tolerate drought stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–107

e1
“Drought led to a decrease in shoot length (SL), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and total chlorophyll (Chlt) content by 43.6 %, 58.0 %, 63.9 % and 45.0 % respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 843–1013

Title

Nzumbululo Ndou; Pfunzo Gavhi; Mulisa Nkuna; et al. Plant Nano Biology 2025. doi:10.1016/j.plana.2025.100227

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Drought decreased fresh weight by 58.0%.
Intervention effect Drought decreased dry weight by 63.9%.
Intervention effect Drought decreased total chlorophyll content by 45.0%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased shoot length by 138%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased fresh weight by 251.23%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased dry weight by 251%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased total chlorophyll content by 104%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L reduced oxidative stress through improved antioxidant activity.
Mechanism Drought-associated growth decreases correlated with vascular tissue alteration, nutrient imbalance and ROS overaccumulation, causing oxidative damage in sorghum seedlings.
Observation Synthesised ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles showed an absorbance peak at 296 nm.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased total chlorophyll content by 45.0%.

Taxon: Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore0
Treatment: Droughte1
Outcome: total chlorophyll (Chlt) contente1
Direction: decreasee1
Value: 45.0 %e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a cereal crop renowned for its ability to moderately tolerate drought stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–107

e1
“Drought led to a decrease in shoot length (SL), fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and total chlorophyll (Chlt) content by 43.6 %, 58.0 %, 63.9 % and 45.0 % respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 843–1013

Title

Nzumbululo Ndou; Pfunzo Gavhi; Mulisa Nkuna; et al. Plant Nano Biology 2025. doi:10.1016/j.plana.2025.100227

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Drought decreased shoot length by 43.6%.
Intervention effect Drought decreased fresh weight by 58.0%.
Intervention effect Drought decreased dry weight by 63.9%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased shoot length by 138%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased fresh weight by 251.23%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased dry weight by 251%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L increased total chlorophyll content by 104%.
Intervention effect ZnFe2O4 NP priming at 15 mg/L reduced oxidative stress through improved antioxidant activity.
Mechanism Drought-associated growth decreases correlated with vascular tissue alteration, nutrient imbalance and ROS overaccumulation, causing oxidative damage in sorghum seedlings.
Observation Synthesised ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles showed an absorbance peak at 296 nm.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing salt stress levels decreased seedling vigor index in sorghum.

Taxon: Sorghum bicolor L.Sorghum bicolore0
Treatment: increasing levels of salt stresse3
Outcome: seedling vigor indexe3
Direction: decreaseinferrede3

Verbatim

e0
“Sorghum bicolor L. cultivars (Inqath, Rabeh and Buhoth70)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 177–234

e3
“significant negative impact as long as increasing levels of salt stress at germination ratio, plumule length, dry seedling weight and seedling vigor index”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 533–687

Title

Seed priming of sorghum cultivars to tolerate salt stress

M O Shihab; J H Hamza IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 2019. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/388/1/012044

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Cultivar Buhoth70 showed significant superiority over the other cultivars.
Intervention effect Primed seed was significantly superior to unprimed seed.
Association Increasing salt stress levels decreased germination ratio, plumule length and dry seedling weight in sorghum.
Intervention effect Primed sorghum seed tolerated salt stress better than unprimed seed at the same stress level.
Observation A significant positive correlation was found between all traits studied in sorghum seed priming.
Recommendation The authors recommend priming sorghum seeds before planting under salt stress.

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“dry weight decrease”

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