Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ginger, cinnamon and clove oils at 500 ppm gave the best results for most growth and flowering parameters and total green colour of zinnia compared with the other treatments.

Taxon: Zinnia elegansZinnia eleganse0
Treatment: ginger, cinnamon and clove oilse1
Interactor: powdery mildewe0pathogen
Outcome: studied growth and flowering parameters and total green coloure1
Direction: best resultse1
Qualifier: for most of the studiede1
Comparator: the other treatmentse1
Setting: Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El- Sheikh Universitye0

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was carried out during two successive seasons at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El- Sheikh University to evaluate some essential oils as biocontrol agents for powdery mildew on Zinnia elegans, L”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–240

e1
“The highest significant decrease in disease incidence and severity and the best results for most of the studied growth and flowering parameters and total green colour were recorded when plants were sprayed with ginger, cinnamon and clove oils, respectively each at 500 ppm compared to the other treatments in both seasons”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 935–1256

Title

Efficacy of some essential oils on controlling powdery mildew on zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.)

M.A. Hegazi Journal of Applied Horticulture 2010. doi:10.37855/jah.2010.v12i01.17

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Extended three-day exposure to 12 °C promoted cold tolerance.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativuse0
Treatment: hardening 12 °С temperaturee1
Outcome: cold tolerancee0
Direction: promotinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“thus promoting the cold tolerance of cucumber seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 712–767

e1
“We studied the response of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.) of the hybrid F1 Zozulya to 3‑day exposure to low positive temperatures of different intensities (12 °C and 4 °C). It was found that at initial phases of the impact low hardening (12 °C) and damaging (4 °C) temperatures inhibit the process of accumulation of cotyledons’ wet and dry biomass, promote the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dis…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1089

Title

THE RESPONSE OF CUCUMBER PLANTS TO LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACTS OF VARYING INTENSITY

Анна Анатольевна Игнатенко (Фенько); Наталья Сергеевна Репкина; Александр Федорович Титов; et al. Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2016. doi:10.17076/eb440

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Initial exposure to 12 °C inhibited cotyledon wet and dry biomass accumulation.
Intervention effect Initial exposure to 4 °C inhibited cotyledon wet and dry biomass accumulation.
Intervention effect Initial exposure to 12 °C increased SOD activity, free proline, and MDA content.
Intervention effect Initial exposure to 4 °C increased SOD activity, free proline, and MDA content.
Intervention effect Extended three-day exposure to 12 °C restarted growth.
Intervention effect Extended three-day exposure to 12 °C further increased leaf SOD activity and free proline.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days irreversibly inhibited cotyledon wet and dry biomass accumulation.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days significantly increased MDA and free proline.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days decreased SOD activity and cold tolerance.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days eventually damaged and killed seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dust pollution increased the contents of low-molecular antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme activity in seed progeny seedlings.

Taxon: spear saltbrushe0
Treatment: Anthropogenic pollution with such duste1
Outcome: the contents of low-molecular antioxidants and activity of antioxidant enzymese2
Direction: increasee2
Comparator: controle3

Verbatim

e0
“The influence of anthropogenic pollution with dust containing heavy metals on changes in physiological, cytological, and biochemical characteristics of spear saltbrush ( Artiplex patula L.) seed progeny grown under conditions of extreme continental climate and permafrost in Central Yakutia was studied”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–302

e1
“Anthropogenic pollution with such dust of the parent habitat led to the decrease in physiological characteristics of seed progeny: germinability, root length”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 304–461

e2
“In this case, there was an increase in the lipid peroxidation intensity, the contents of low-molecular antioxidants and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and also the rate of molecular-genetic processes (replication and reparation of DNA, protein translation)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 463–721

e3
“against the backgrounds of a relatively small increase in mitotic activity in seedlings grown from produced seeds as compared with control”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 722–860

Title

Effect of anthropogenic pollution with dust containing heavy metals on seed progeny of spear saltbush

I. A. Prokopiev; F. V. Filippova; A. A. Shein Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 2012. doi:10.1134/s1021443712020148

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Dust pollution decreased germinability and root length of spear saltbrush seed progeny.
Intervention effect Dust pollution increased lipid peroxidation intensity in seed progeny seedlings.
Intervention effect Dust pollution increased the rate of molecular-genetic processes in seed progeny seedlings.
Intervention effect Dust pollution produced a relatively small increase in mitotic activity in seed progeny seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment: tip-heatinge5
Outcome: size of apical kernelse1
Direction: increasee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“the increase in size of apical kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1125–1163

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of hairy bittercress in container-grown ornamentals.

Taxon: container-grown ornamentalse0
Treatment: oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABE, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin, and methazole + prodiaminee2
Interactor: hairy bittercressCardamine hirsutae2weed
Outcome: controle1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of 17 PRE herbicides on seven weed species that are important competitors in container-grown ornamentals”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–147

e1
“Some treatments provided nearly total control of less than 1.0 seedling per container at each rating over two years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–537

e2
“Those treatments were: common groundsel—diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin; prostrate spurge—pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin, and methazole + prodiamine; common chickweed—isoxaben and isoxaben + oryzalin; hairy bittercress—oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABE, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + or…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 539–1459

Title

Herbicide Efficacy for Production of Container Ornamentals

Lena B. Gallitano; Walter A. Skroch Weed Technology 1993. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00036952

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Organ / stage: apical kernelse1
Treatment: tip-heated earse4
Outcome: sucrose concentrationse1
Direction: highere1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 933–981

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shasho treated with Apron Star had the minimum disease incidence of 23.41%, lower than untreated local chickpea.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinume0
Material: Shashoe3
Treatment: Apron Stare3
Interactor: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp . cicerisFusarium oxysporume7pathogen
Outcome: disease incidencee3
Direction: decreaseinferrede3
Value: 23.41%e3
Comparator: untreated local chickpeae2
Setting: Adet Agricultural Research Center in northwestern Ethiopiae7

Verbatim

e0
“Four varieties, namely, Shasho, Arerti, Marye, and local, two fungicides, namely, Apron Star and mancozeb, and untreated local chickpea were used as treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 350–509

e2
“the maximum disease incidence and area under disease progress curve values 65.62% and 578.5%-day, respectively, were recorded from untreated local chickpea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 910–1065

e3
“the minimum disease incidence and area under disease progress curve values 23.41% and 147%-day, respectively, were recorded from Shasho variety treated with Apron Star”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1073–1240

e7
“A 2-year experiment was conducted at wilt sick plot infested with natural occurring Fusarium oxysporum f.sp . ciceris at Adet Agricultural Research Center in northwestern Ethiopia”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–179

Title

Evaluation of Chickpea Varieties and Fungicides for the Management of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt Disease (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris) at Adet Sick Plot in Northwest Ethiopia

Yigrem Mengist; Samuel Sahile; Assefa Sintayehu; et al. International Journal of Agronomy 2018. doi:10.1155/2018/6015205

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment: tip-heatinge5
Outcome: starch concentratione1
Direction: earliere1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“starch concentration began rising earlier in apical kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1404–1463

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under 20 cm stress, mesocotyl elongation in maize seedlings was increased compared with the normal 3 cm seedling depth (average 3.70 cm).

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Organ / stage: mesocotyle1
Treatment: 20 cm stresse1
Outcome: elongation of the mesocotyle1
Direction: increasede1
Value: 3.70 cme1
Comparator: normal seedling depth of 3 cme1

Verbatim

e0
“two maize inbred lines were treated with or without 5-HT at both sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–612

e1
“Compared to the normal seedling depth of 3 cm, the elongation of the mesocotyl (average elongation 3.70 cm) and coleoptile (average elongation 0.58 cm), secretion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; average increased 3.73 and 0.63 ng g−1 FW), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; average increased 1.95 and 0.63 μM g−1 FW) in the mesocotyl and coleoptile were increased under 20 cm stress, with a concomitant decrease in lignin synthe…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–1294

Title

Exogenous Serotonin (5-HT) Promotes Mesocotyl and Coleoptile Elongation in Maize Seedlings under Deep-Seeding Stress through Enhancing Auxin Accumulation and Inhibiting Lignin Formation

Xiaoqiang Zhao; Jiayao Li; Yining Niu; et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2023. doi:10.3390/ijms242317061

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin gave nearly total control of common groundsel in container-grown ornamentals.

Taxon: container-grown ornamentalse0
Treatment: diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethaline2
Interactor: common groundsele2weed
Outcome: controle1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“A study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of 17 PRE herbicides on seven weed species that are important competitors in container-grown ornamentals”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–147

e1
“Some treatments provided nearly total control of less than 1.0 seedling per container at each rating over two years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 422–537

e2
“Those treatments were: common groundsel—diphenyl ethers, isoxaben, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin; prostrate spurge—pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin, and methazole + prodiamine; common chickweed—isoxaben and isoxaben + oryzalin; hairy bittercress—oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABE, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen + or…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 539–1459

Title

Herbicide Efficacy for Production of Container Ornamentals

Lena B. Gallitano; Walter A. Skroch Weed Technology 1993. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00036952

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Some PRE herbicides gave nearly total weed control in container-grown ornamentals over two years.
Intervention effect Pendimethalin, prodiamine, prodiamine-ABD, trifluralin, oxadiazon, isoxaben + oryzalin and methazole + prodiamine gave nearly total control of prostrate spurge in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Isoxaben and isoxaben + oryzalin gave nearly total control of common chickweed in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of hairy bittercress in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Oxyfluorfen, prodiamine-ABD and methazole + prodiamine gave nearly total control of common ragweed in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of Virginia pepperweed in container-grown ornamentals.
Intervention effect Several PRE herbicides gave nearly total control of horseweed in container-grown ornamentals.

“decrease in A”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics