Claim · model-written summary
Spraying young H. armigera larvae with DDT at about six weeks after emergence prevents damage to seeds.
- Taxon
- seed beanst0
- Treatment
- spraying the young larvae with DDT (25% e.c. at 3 pt/2 gal spray/acre)e3
- Interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae1pest - Outcome
- Damagee3
- Direction
- preventede3
- Qualifier
- at about six weeks after the beans emergee3
- Setting
- northern Tanzaniat0
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“pests of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in northern Tanzania”
e1“Initial infestation of seed beans by H. armigera occurs in April–May at the time of flowering of the early-sown crop”
e3“Damage, caused by the older larvae eating the seeds in the pod, is prevented by spraying the young larvae with DDT (25% e.c. at 3 pt/2 gal spray/acre) (the standard treatment) or endosulfan (35% e.c. at 1½ pt/2 gal spray/acre) at about six weeks after the beans emerge”
Title
Studies on the biology and control of pests of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in northern Tanzania
G. Swaine Bulletin of Entomological Research 1969. doi:10.1017/s0007485300003266
Other claims from this paper (19)
- Observation Light-trap catches of Heliothis armigera peak during the wet seasons.
- Observation Initial infestation of seed beans by H. armigera occurs in April–May at flowering; two generations are completed in the main season.
- Intervention effect Endosulfan sprayed on young H. armigera larvae prevents damage to seeds at about six weeks after emergence.
- Observation Nezara viridula adults invade bean fields from alternative host plants at the same time as H. armigera.
- Observation Nezara viridula causes loss of young pods and also damages or kills the developing seed, even in small numbers.
- Intervention effect DDT as the standard treatment for H. armigera does not control Nezara viridula.
- Intervention effect γBHC 20% e.c. (1¼ pt) was effective against Nezara viridula.
- Intervention effect Dieldrin 18% e.c. (2 pt) was effective against Nezara viridula.
- Intervention effect Endosulfan 35% e.c. (1½ pt) in 2 gal spray/acre was effective against Nezara viridula.
- Intervention effect Endosulfan 35% e.c. (1½ pt/2 gal spray/acre) is the standard recommendation where Nezara viridula and H. armigera occur together.
- Observation Acanthomia horrida and A. tomentosicollis cause damage similar to that of Nezara viridula, serious only at heavy infestations.
- Intervention effect DDT, dieldrin or endosulfan controlled Acanthomia horrida and A. tomentosicollis at the rates given above.
- Intervention effect Methyl-demeton 50% e.c. applied 3–4 weeks after emergence was the most effective control measure against Aphis fabae.
- Intervention effect Endosulfan was far less toxic than methyl-demeton to larvae of the predator Cheilomenes lunata.
- Observation Aphis fabae invades bean fields mainly during the first two weeks of the crop.
- Observation Aphis fabae damage is serious only when large populations of apterae are produced on a high proportion of young plants.
- Observation Aphid populations peaked during July and August and decreased in September.
- Observation Melanagromyza phaseoli is least abundant on seed beans during the growing period of the main crop and may damage water-stressed plants.
- Intervention effect Seed dressings of aldrin or heptachlor controlled stem tunnelling by larvae.