Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance, transpiration and intercellular CO2 were reduced under both treatments.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativae3 - Treatment
- foliar spraying with a 0.2% (v/v) WV solution or exposure to VOCse1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse2
Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and net photosynthetic rate were markedly reduced”
e1“foliar spraying with a 0.2% (v/v) WV solution or exposure to VOCs released from the same solution”
e2“compared with untreated controls”
e3“Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Title
Do Plants Need to Be Sprayed? New Insights into VOC-Mediated Biostimulation by Wood Vinegar
Riccardo Fedeli; Stefano Loppi Biology 2026. doi:10.3390/biology15030267
Other claims from this paper (7)
- Intervention effect VOC exposure produced responses similar to foliar application.
- Intervention effect Both wood-vinegar treatments significantly increased lettuce fresh weight.
- Intervention effect Both treatments increased chlorophyll and polyphenol content.
- Intervention effect Both treatments increased accumulation of Ca, K and P.
- Intervention effect Both treatments increased accumulation of S and Zn.
- Intervention effect Photosystem II efficiency remained stable under both treatments.
- Intervention effect Net photosynthetic rate was markedly reduced under both treatments.