Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide confined insects to the grain surface in 1942.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Compound
- carbon dioxidee0
- Outcome
- Insects were confined to the surface layerse0
Not reportedMaterialGeneOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentComparatorSettingDirectionValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insects were confined to the surface layers by the carbon dioxide present deeper in the bin”
t0“Wheat”
Title
An Investigation of the Changes in a Bin of stored Wheat infested by Insects
R. W. Howe Bulletin of Entomological Research 1943. doi:10.1017/s0007485300023671
Other claims from this paper (18)
- Observation Stored wheat heated near the surface and was heavily infested in the 25 cm surface layer by November.
- Observation Carbon dioxide beneath the infested surface layer exceeded 10%.
- Observation The hottest grain depth moved nearer the surface during December.
- Observation Grain temperature reached 37°C, 27°C above air temperature.
- Observation Many weevils moved to the grain surface in early December.
- Observation Grain temperature fell rapidly in mid-December and reached air temperature by month-end.
- Observation Many insects remained alive a week after the temperature fell.
- Observation Very few living insects were found by March 1942.
- Observation Carbon dioxide concentration fell rapidly then rose again in March.
- Observation An infestation started by May 1942 and was predominantly C. granaria.
- Observation Laemophloeus was present and apparently survived winter in the bin.
- Observation C. oryzae did not survive winter in the bin.
- Observation Rhizopertha did not survive winter in the bin.
- Observation Grain did not heat in 1942 and reached a maximum of 27°C in August.
- Observation The open topped bin with airtight sides and bottom caused unusually high carbon dioxide accumulation.
- Mechanism The authors suggest buried weevil-infested grain is likely to heat, whereas superficial infestation may not.
- Recommendation The authors recommend regular deep-grain insect sampling and examination soon after storage.
- Recommendation The authors recommend routine temperature and water-content readings deep in grain and 10–20 cm below the surface.