Claim · model-written summary
Labriformin ranked among the most complex cardenolides.
AsclepiasNot reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageInteractorInteractor roleSecond interactorSecond interactor roleTreatmentComparatorSettingValueQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two biosynthetically distinct N,S-cardenolides, uscharin and labriformin, rank among the most complex structures in this chemical class”
t0“59 Asclepias species examined here”
Title
Structural innovation in the evolution of plant chemical defense
Paola Rubiano-Buitrago; Amy P. Hastings; Masaaki Uematsu; et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2026. doi:10.1073/pnas.2535853123
Other claims from this paper (10)
- Association An N,S heterocycle in substituted cardenolides restored toxicity against coevolved natural enemies.
- Mechanism The authors proposed that scaffold rigidification and extra binding interactions enhance affinity despite resistance.
- Observation Uscharin ranked among the most complex cardenolides.
- Observation Uscharin was inferred ancestral with repeated losses.
- Observation Labriformin evolved independently multiple times.
- Observation N,S cardenolides occurred in over 75% of 59 Asclepias species.
- Association Species producing N,S cardenolides had greater cardenolide abundance.
- Association Species producing N,S cardenolides had greater cardenolide richness.
- Association Species producing N,S cardenolides had greater metabolomic space.
- Association Species producing N,S cardenolides had greater toxicity against adapted organisms.