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Organism: Polypodiopsida ✕

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fronds were the most used part of the ferns in herbal medicine (76.06%).

Organ / stage
Frondse5
Outcome
most used parte5
Direction
most usede5
Value
76.06%e5

Verbatim

e5

“Fronds were the most used part of the ferns in herbal medicine (76.06%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1580–1651

Title

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal fern species used by communities bordering Kalinzu Central Forest Reserve, Western Uganda

Herbert Nuwamanya; Grace Kagoro-Rugunda; Raphael Wangalwa; et al. Tropical Medicine and Health 2026. doi:10.1186/s41182-026-00954-2

Other claims from this paper (7)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dermal application (smearing and rubbing) was the most common route of administration (57.75%).

Treatment
dermal (smearing and rubbing)e6
Outcome
route of administratione6
Direction
most commone6
Value
57.75%e6

Verbatim

e5

“Fronds were the most used part of the ferns in herbal medicine (76.06%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1580–1651
e6

“dermal (smearing and rubbing) was the most common route of administration (57.75%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1657–1739

Title

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal fern species used by communities bordering Kalinzu Central Forest Reserve, Western Uganda

Herbert Nuwamanya; Grace Kagoro-Rugunda; Raphael Wangalwa; et al. Tropical Medicine and Health 2026. doi:10.1186/s41182-026-00954-2

Other claims from this paper (7)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

NRAMP gene family expanded and underwent tandem duplication in ferns.

Gene
NRAMPe1
Outcome
expansion and tandem duplicatione1

Verbatim

e1

“we performed an evolutionary analysis of NRAMP in green plants, indicating expansion and tandem duplication in ferns”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 690–806

Title

Molecular Evolution and Mechanisms of Plants NRAMP Transporters in Response to Heavy Metal Stress

Li Hao; Jingjing Chen; Mazarin Akami; et al. Plants 2026. doi:10.3390/plants15101582

Other claims from this paper (3)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

On average, ferns had more negative stomatal safety margins than woody and herbaceous angiosperms.

Outcome
stomatal safety margine0
Direction
more negativee0
Comparator
woody and herbaceous angiosperm speciese0

Verbatim

e0

“On average, ferns had more negative stomatal safety margin than woody and herbaceous angiosperm species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1209–1312

Title

Contrasting whole-plant hydraulic strategies between light-demanding and shade-tolerant tropical-subtropical ferns

Yang-Yan Wang; Wen-Hao Zeng; Ya-Dong Qie; et al. Annals of Botany 2026. doi:10.1093/aob/mcag138

Other claims from this paper (7)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ferns showed a lower leaf hydraulic safety margin than woody angiosperms.

Outcome
leaf hydraulic safety margine0
Direction
lowere0
Comparator
woody angiospermse0

Verbatim

e0

“ferns showed lower leaf hydraulic safety margin than woody angiosperms”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1327–1397

Title

Contrasting whole-plant hydraulic strategies between light-demanding and shade-tolerant tropical-subtropical ferns

Yang-Yan Wang; Wen-Hao Zeng; Ya-Dong Qie; et al. Annals of Botany 2026. doi:10.1093/aob/mcag138

Other claims from this paper (7)
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Below-ground traits significantly influenced leaf hydraulic safety in ferns.

Organ / stage
Below-ground traitse0
Outcome
leaf hydraulic safetye0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Below-ground traits significantly influenced leaf hydraulic safety in ferns”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1399–1474

Title

Contrasting whole-plant hydraulic strategies between light-demanding and shade-tolerant tropical-subtropical ferns

Yang-Yan Wang; Wen-Hao Zeng; Ya-Dong Qie; et al. Annals of Botany 2026. doi:10.1093/aob/mcag138

Other claims from this paper (7)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Tropical-subtropical ferns do not rely on conservative leaf-level hydraulics but on a whole-plant strategy with root acquisition and rhizome storage.

Outcome
whole-plant strategye0
Qualifier
root acquisition and rhizome storagee0

Verbatim

e0

“tropical-subtropical ferns do not exhibit conservative leaf-level hydraulics but rely on a whole-plant strategy involving root acquisition and rhizome storage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1767–1925

Title

Contrasting whole-plant hydraulic strategies between light-demanding and shade-tolerant tropical-subtropical ferns

Yang-Yan Wang; Wen-Hao Zeng; Ya-Dong Qie; et al. Annals of Botany 2026. doi:10.1093/aob/mcag138

Other claims from this paper (7)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Transitions between leaf traces occurred at low and equal rates, with possible reversions.

Outcome
Transitions between leaf tracese0
Direction
low and equal ratese0

Verbatim

e0

“Transitions between leaf traces occur at low and equal rates, with the possibility of reversions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 649–745
t0

“ferns”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–47

Title

The evolution of leaf traces in eupolypod ferns

Jacob S. Suissa; Giselle Reyes New Phytologist 2026. doi:10.1111/nph.71180

Other claims from this paper (3)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Vascular area was linked to fern leaf size.

Organ / stage
leafe0
Outcome
leaf sizee0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“vascular area is inexorably linked with leaf size”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 817–866
e1

“across ferns”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 942–954

Title

The evolution of leaf traces in eupolypod ferns

Jacob S. Suissa; Giselle Reyes New Phytologist 2026. doi:10.1111/nph.71180

Other claims from this paper (3)
Associationobservedoriginal resultnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf trace number did not significantly predict fern leaf size.

Organ / stage
leaf tracese0
Outcome
leaf sizee0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“the actual number of leaf traces does not significantly predict leaf size across ferns”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 868–954

Title

The evolution of leaf traces in eupolypod ferns

Jacob S. Suissa; Giselle Reyes New Phytologist 2026. doi:10.1111/nph.71180

Other claims from this paper (3)

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