Abstract
Flue-cured and burley tobacco were grown on approximately 154,000 and 6,000 acres, respectively, in North Carolina in 2003. Burley tobacco is grown in the Mountains of NC and some flue-cured tobacco is grown in the northwestern Piedmont where topography, available farm land for row crop agriculture, and soil conservation requirements have lead to adoption of soil conservation practices including no-till tobacco production. Research on no-till production of burley and flue-cued tobacco has been conducted for many years in NC. No-till systems have been comparable to conventional systems in burley tobacco, but several production-related issues have prevented adoption of no-till systems in flue-cured tobacco. Weed control was the primary limiting factor to successful production of no-till burley tobacco, but was only one of the limiting factors to production of no-till flue-cured tobacco. Clomazone and sulfentrazone were labeled in the late 1990's and dramatically improved weed management in tobacco allowing burley growers to adopt no-till production. However, restricted root growth, lodging, and reduced yields that are common in flue-cured tobacco have limited adoption of no-till. Problems observed in flue-cured production are likely related to restricted root growth in flue-cured soil types that is not observed in burley production areas. Recent research has shown that strip tillage and/or minimum tillage systems have been successful in over-coming many of the soil related problems associated with no-till production with similar soil conservation benefits to no-till. SUMMARY Flue-cured and burley tobacco were grown on approximately 154,000 and 6,000 acres, respectively, in North Carolina in 2003. Burley tobacco is grown in the Mountains of NC and some flue-cured tobacco is grown in the northwestern Piedmont where topography, available farm land for row crop agriculture, and soil conservation requirements have lead to adoption of soil conservation practices including no-till tobacco production. Tobacco soils have a high potential for soil erosion. Research in1983 showed that soil loss with a 1.3% slope was 0.05 ton/acre with no-till tobacco versus 1.1 ton/acre with conventional tillage. When the slope was 3.1%, soil losses were 0.05 ton/acre with notill versus 4.03 tons/acre with conventional tillage. No-till tobacco is typically grown in a rye cover crop or sod killed with either paraquat or glyphosate. It is transplanted using a modified mechanical transplanter with a fluted coulter, a double disc row opener, and more narrow press wheels with reinforced rims. Some no-till transplanters have also included a straight shank or a winged knife to provide sub-surface tillage, which in some cases improved stands and root development. Sulfentrazone and clomazone are commonly used at transplanting for preemergence weed control because they do not require soil incorporation for activation and control many of the problem weeds in tobacco production. No-till tobacco typically requires about a 25% increase in nitrogen rate. Additional production practices are the same as conventionally grown tobacco.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage was comparable to conventional systems for burley tobacco.
Verbatim
e0“No-till systems have been comparable to conventional systems in burley tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control limited no till burley tobacco production.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control was the primary limiting factor to successful production of no-till burley tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Clomazone and sulfentrazone improved tobacco weed management.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Clomazone and sulfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- weed managemente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clomazone and sulfentrazone were labeled in the late 1990's and dramatically improved weed management in tobacco allowing burley growers to adopt no-till production.”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root growth, lodging and reduced yields limited no till flue cured tobacco adoption.
Verbatim
e0“restricted root growth, lodging, and reduced yields that are common in flue-cured tobacco have limited adoption of no-till.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1.3% slope, no till tobacco soil loss was 0.05 ton/acre versus 1.1 ton/acre under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- no-tille0
- Outcome
- soil losse0
- Value
- 0.05 ton/acree0
- Qualifier
- 1.1 ton/acree0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil loss with a 1.3% slope was 0.05 ton/acre with no-till tobacco versus 1.1 ton/acre with conventional tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 3.1% slope, no till soil loss was 0.05 ton/acre versus 4.03 tons/acre under conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- notille0
- Outcome
- soil lossese0
- Value
- 0.05 ton/acree0
- Qualifier
- 4.03 tons/acree0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“When the slope was 3.1%, soil losses were 0.05 ton/acre with notill versus 4.03 tons/acre with conventional tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsurface tillage with modified transplanter tools improved tobacco stands and root development in some cases.
- Treatment
- sub-surface tillagee0
- Outcome
- stands and root developmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- in some casese0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“a straight shank or a winged knife to provide sub-surface tillage, which in some cases improved stands and root development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage and minimum tillage overcame many problems of no till production while retaining similar soil conservation benefits.
- Treatment
- strip tillage and/or minimum tillage systemse0
- Outcome
- soil related problemse0
- Direction
- over-cominge0
- Comparator
- no-tille0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“strip tillage and/or minimum tillage systems have been successful in over-coming many of the soil related problems associated with no-till production with similar soil conservation benefits to no-till.”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.