Abstract
In order to investigate the uptake of the systemic insecticide, carbofuran, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl-N-methyl(arbamate) residues, fresh and aged, by rice plants, they were grown for 42 days in soils containing freshly treated (T-1), 3-month-aged (T-2), and 6-month-aged residues (T-3). The amounts of evolved from during the 3-and 6-month aging in soil (temp. ; moisture, 50% of the maximum water-holding capacity) were 8.9 and 26.7% of the original radioactivity applied, respectively. Mineralization of in soil to during 42 days of rice growing was 4.4% (T-1), 11.0% (T-2), and 15.7 (T-3). The methanol extract of the 3-and 6-month-aged soils revealed that 3-keto carbofuran phenol (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-benzofuranol) was the major metabolite, where as 3-hydroxy carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-7-benzofuranyl-N-methylcarbamate) turned out to be the major metabolite in the shoots by the enzymatic cleavage of the possible conjugate present in the methanol extract. Volatilization of in soil during 3-and 6-month-aging, and 42 days of rice growing was 0.026, 0.05, and 0.012-0.018% of the applied radioactivity, respectively. The which was absorbed from the soils by rice plants during 42 days of the growing period and persisted in rice plant tissues was 26.8, 21.4, and 10.3% in T-1, T-2, and T-3, respectively. The non-extractable bound residues were 8.3, 37.9, and 54.6% of the originally applied carbofuran in T-1. T-2, and T-3, respectively. The small translocation of in T-3 upwards suggests that major metabolite 3-keto carbofuran phenol is conjugated in roots and the low recovery in T-1 indicates the loss of carbofuran from the shoots.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Soil aging for three months evolved 8.9% of original applied radioactivity.
- Taxon
- Rice Plants
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- evolved from during the 3-and 6-month aging in soile0
- Value
- 8.9e0
- Qualifier
- 3-and 6-month aging in soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amounts of evolved from during the 3-and 6-month aging in soil (temp. ; moisture, 50% of the maximum water-holding capacity) were 8.9 and 26.7% of the original radioactivity applied, respectively”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil aging for six months evolved 26.7% of original applied radioactivity.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- evolved from during the 3-and 6-month aging in soile0
- Value
- 26.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 3-and 6-month aging in soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amounts of evolved from during the 3-and 6-month aging in soil (temp. ; moisture, 50% of the maximum water-holding capacity) were 8.9 and 26.7% of the original radioactivity applied, respectively”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
During rice growth, T-1 soil mineralization was 4.4%.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T-1e0
- Outcome
- Mineralization of in soile0
- Value
- 4.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineralization of in soil to during 42 days of rice growing was 4.4% (T-1), 11.0% (T-2), and 15.7 (T-3)”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
During rice growth, T-2 soil mineralization was 11.0%.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T-2e0
- Outcome
- Mineralization of in soile0
- Value
- 11.0%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineralization of in soil to during 42 days of rice growing was 4.4% (T-1), 11.0% (T-2), and 15.7 (T-3)”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
During rice growth, T-3 soil mineralization was 15.7.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T-3e0
- Outcome
- Mineralization of in soile0
- Value
- 15.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mineralization of in soil to during 42 days of rice growing was 4.4% (T-1), 11.0% (T-2), and 15.7 (T-3)”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
3-keto carbofuran phenol was the major metabolite in aged soils.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- 3-keto carbofuran phenole0
- Qualifier
- major metabolitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3-keto carbofuran phenol (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-7-benzofuranol) was the major metabolite”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
3-hydroxy carbofuran was the major metabolite in rice shoots.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- 3-hydroxy carbofurane0
- Qualifier
- major metabolitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3-hydroxy carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-7-benzofuranyl-N-methylcarbamate) turned out to be the major metabolite in the shoots”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatilization during three-month soil aging was 0.026% of applied radioactivity.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Volatilization of in soile0
- Value
- 0.026e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volatilization of in soil during 3-and 6-month-aging, and 42 days of rice growing was 0.026, 0.05, and 0.012-0.018% of the applied radioactivity, respectively”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatilization during six-month soil aging was 0.05% of applied radioactivity.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Volatilization of in soile0
- Value
- 0.05e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volatilization of in soil during 3-and 6-month-aging, and 42 days of rice growing was 0.026, 0.05, and 0.012-0.018% of the applied radioactivity, respectively”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatilization during rice growth was 0.012-0.018% of applied radioactivity.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Volatilization of in soile0
- Value
- 0.012-0.018%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volatilization of in soil during 3-and 6-month-aging, and 42 days of rice growing was 0.026, 0.05, and 0.012-0.018% of the applied radioactivity, respectively”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice tissue retained 26.8% of residue from fresh-treated T-1 soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- T-1e0
- Outcome
- persisted in rice plant tissuese0
- Value
- 26.8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“persisted in rice plant tissues was 26.8, 21.4, and 10.3% in T-1, T-2, and T-3, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice tissue retained 21.4% of residue from three-month-aged T-2 soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- T-2e0
- Outcome
- persisted in rice plant tissuese0
- Value
- 21.4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“persisted in rice plant tissues was 26.8, 21.4, and 10.3% in T-1, T-2, and T-3, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice tissue retained 10.3% of residue from six-month-aged T-3 soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- T-3e0
- Outcome
- persisted in rice plant tissuese0
- Value
- 10.3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“persisted in rice plant tissues was 26.8, 21.4, and 10.3% in T-1, T-2, and T-3, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-extractable bound residues in T-1 soil were 8.3% of applied carbofuran.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T-1e0
- Outcome
- non-extractable bound residuese0
- Value
- 8.3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The non-extractable bound residues were 8.3, 37.9, and 54.6% of the originally applied carbofuran in T-1. T-2, and T-3, respectively”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-extractable bound residues in T-2 soil were 37.9% of applied carbofuran.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T-2e0
- Outcome
- non-extractable bound residuese0
- Value
- 37.9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The non-extractable bound residues were 8.3, 37.9, and 54.6% of the originally applied carbofuran in T-1. T-2, and T-3, respectively”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-extractable bound residues in T-3 soil were 54.6% of applied carbofuran.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T-3e0
- Outcome
- non-extractable bound residuese0
- Value
- 54.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The non-extractable bound residues were 8.3, 37.9, and 54.6% of the originally applied carbofuran in T-1. T-2, and T-3, respectively”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Small upward translocation in T-3 suggests 3-keto carbofuran phenol is conjugated in roots.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- small translocation of in T-3 upwardse0
- Qualifier
- 3-keto carbofuran phenol is conjugated in rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The small translocation of in T-3 upwards suggests that major metabolite 3-keto carbofuran phenol is conjugated in roots”
t0“Rice Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low recovery in T-1 indicates carbofuran loss from rice shoots.
- Taxon
- Rice PlantsOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- low recovery in T-1e0
- Qualifier
- loss of carbofuran from the shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the low recovery in T-1 indicates the loss of carbofuran from the shoots”
t0“Rice Plants”