Abstract
The effects of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCh), 2-ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (Ch), and acetylcholine chloride (ACh) at concentrations of 1 µM - 5 mM and of red radiation (R) pulse on growth, greening, and formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in etiolated wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Moskovskaya-35) were examined. A short-term application of cholines and R pulse stimulated the first leaf growth and its appearance from coleoptile, and inhibited the coleoptile growth. The effects of cholines were observed during 96 h after the treatment of 4-d-old seedlings and depended on the type and the concentration of cholines. CCh, Ch, and R were also stimulators of greening and increased the photosynthetic activity, whereas ACh did not influence the process of greening. Joint effects of R with cholines on the growth and photomorphogenesis were greater than the individual ones, whereas far-red (FR) radiation decreased the influence of cholines. Thus phytochrome may modify the effects of cholines in the processes of growth and greening.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cholines and red radiation stimulated first leaf growth.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- cholines and R pulsee0
- Outcome
- first leaf growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A short-term application of cholines and R pulse stimulated the first leaf growth and its appearance from coleoptile, and inhibited the coleoptile growth.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cholines and red radiation stimulated its appearance from coleoptile.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cholines and R pulsee0
- Outcome
- its appearance from coleoptilee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A short-term application of cholines and R pulse stimulated the first leaf growth and its appearance from coleoptile, and inhibited the coleoptile growth.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cholines and red radiation inhibited coleoptile growth.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cholines and R pulsee0
- Outcome
- coleoptile growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A short-term application of cholines and R pulse stimulated the first leaf growth and its appearance from coleoptile, and inhibited the coleoptile growth.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Choline effects varied by type and concentration over 96 h.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cholinese0
- Outcome
- effects of cholinese0
- Qualifier
- 96 he0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of cholines were observed during 96 h after the treatment of 4-d-old seedlings and depended on the type and the concentration of cholines.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
CCh stimulated greening and photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CChe0
- Outcome
- greening and increased the photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCh, Ch, and R were also stimulators of greening and increased the photosynthetic activity, whereas ACh did not influence the process of greening.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ch stimulated greening and photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Che0
- Outcome
- greening and increased the photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCh, Ch, and R were also stimulators of greening and increased the photosynthetic activity, whereas ACh did not influence the process of greening.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
R stimulated greening and photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Re0
- Outcome
- greening and increased the photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCh, Ch, and R were also stimulators of greening and increased the photosynthetic activity, whereas ACh did not influence the process of greening.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACh did not influence greening.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- AChe0
- Outcome
- process of greeninge0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCh, Ch, and R were also stimulators of greening and increased the photosynthetic activity, whereas ACh did not influence the process of greening.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined R and cholines had greater growth and photomorphogenesis effects than individual treatments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- R with cholinese0
- Outcome
- growth and photomorphogenesise0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- individual onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Joint effects of R with cholines on the growth and photomorphogenesis were greater than the individual ones, whereas far-red (FR) radiation decreased the influence of cholines.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red radiation decreased the influence of cholines.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- far-red (FR) radiatione0
- Outcome
- influence of cholinese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Joint effects of R with cholines on the growth and photomorphogenesis were greater than the individual ones, whereas far-red (FR) radiation decreased the influence of cholines.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
chlormequat chloride · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.