Abstract
Abstract In order to study of effects of nitrogen fertilizer and cycocel on yield, yield component and dry matter mobilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014. Treatments were included nitrogen rates in four levels (without nitrogen application as control (N 0 ) and application 80 (N 1 ), 160 (N 2 ) and 240 (N 3 ) kg ha -1 urea) and four cycocel levels (without cycocel as control (C 0 ), application of 500 (C 1 ), 1000 (C 2 ), 1500 (C 3 ) ppm). Results showed that cycocel application increased chlorophyll index, photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem. Application of nitrogen and cycocel reduced dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem, contribution of remobilization from shoots to grain and stem reserve contribution in grain yield. Application of nitrogen and cycocel as N 3 C 3 had 58.5% and 46.26% more dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem in comparison with N 3 C 0 . The highest 1000-grain weight by 28.90 and 28.54 g, respectively, belonged to application of cycocel as C 2 and C 3 and the lowest 1000-grain weight by 26.93 g belonged to the C 0 . The highest grain yield (1.068 g per plant), number of grains per ear (37.36) and 1000-grain weight (28.77 g) were obtained in application of 240 kg ha -1 urea. It seems that the increase of Fv/Fm ratio due to current photosynthesis in plants that were grown under cycocel and nitrogen treatments decreased mobilization of dry matter and stem reserves to grain yield. Generally, it was concluded that nitrogen and cycocel can be as a proper tool for increasing wheat yield.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Cycocel increased chlorophyll index in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- cycocel applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that cycocel application increased chlorophyll index, photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycocel increased photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cycocel applicatione0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that cycocel application increased chlorophyll index, photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycocel increased dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cycocel applicatione0
- Outcome
- dry matter mobilization from shoots and steme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that cycocel application increased chlorophyll index, photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and cycocel reduced dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and cycocele0
- Outcome
- dry matter mobilization from shoots and steme0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nitrogen and cycocel reduced dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem, contribution of remobilization from shoots to grain and stem reserve contribution in grain yield.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and cycocel reduced contribution of remobilization from shoots to grain.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and cycocele0
- Outcome
- contribution of remobilization from shoots to graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nitrogen and cycocel reduced dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem, contribution of remobilization from shoots to grain and stem reserve contribution in grain yield.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and cycocel reduced stem reserve contribution in grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and cycocele0
- Outcome
- stem reserve contribution in grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nitrogen and cycocel reduced dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem, contribution of remobilization from shoots to grain and stem reserve contribution in grain yield.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N 3 C 3 produced 58.5% more dry matter mobilization from shoots than N 3 C 0.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- N 3 C 3e0
- Outcome
- dry matter mobilization from shoots and steme0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 58.5%e0
- Comparator
- N 3 C 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nitrogen and cycocel as N 3 C 3 had 58.5% and 46.26% more dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem in comparison with N 3 C 0 .”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N 3 C 3 produced 46.26% more dry matter mobilization from stem than N 3 C 0.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Treatment
- N 3 C 3e0
- Outcome
- dry matter mobilization from shoots and steme0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 46.26%e0
- Comparator
- N 3 C 0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of nitrogen and cycocel as N 3 C 3 had 58.5% and 46.26% more dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem in comparison with N 3 C 0 .”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
C 2 had highest 1000-grain weight of 28.90.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- C 2e0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 28.90e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest 1000-grain weight by 28.90 and 28.54 g, respectively, belonged to application of cycocel as C 2 and C 3 and the lowest 1000-grain weight by 26.93 g belonged to the C 0 .”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
C 3 had highest 1000-grain weight of 28.54 g.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- C 3e0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 28.54 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest 1000-grain weight by 28.90 and 28.54 g, respectively, belonged to application of cycocel as C 2 and C 3 and the lowest 1000-grain weight by 26.93 g belonged to the C 0 .”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
C 0 had lowest 1000-grain weight of 26.93 g.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- C 0e0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 26.93 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest 1000-grain weight by 28.90 and 28.54 g, respectively, belonged to application of cycocel as C 2 and C 3 and the lowest 1000-grain weight by 26.93 g belonged to the C 0 .”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
240 kg ha -1 urea gave the highest grain yield (1.068 g per plant).
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 240 kg ha -1 ureae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.068 g per plante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (1.068 g per plant), number of grains per ear (37.36) and 1000-grain weight (28.77 g) were obtained in application of 240 kg ha -1 urea.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
240 kg ha -1 urea gave the highest number of grains per ear (37.36).
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 240 kg ha -1 ureae0
- Outcome
- number of grains per eare0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 37.36e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (1.068 g per plant), number of grains per ear (37.36) and 1000-grain weight (28.77 g) were obtained in application of 240 kg ha -1 urea.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
240 kg ha -1 urea gave the highest 1000-grain weight (28.77 g).
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 240 kg ha -1 ureae0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 28.77 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest grain yield (1.068 g per plant), number of grains per ear (37.36) and 1000-grain weight (28.77 g) were obtained in application of 240 kg ha -1 urea.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest increased Fv/Fm under cycocel and nitrogen decreased dry matter and stem reserve mobilization.
- Taxon
- wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Triticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cycocel and nitrogen treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mobilization of dry matter and stem reserves to grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- increase of Fv/Fm ratio due to current photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It seems that the increase of Fv/Fm ratio due to current photosynthesis in plants that were grown under cycocel and nitrogen treatments decreased mobilization of dry matter and stem reserves to grain yield.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend nitrogen and cycocel to increase wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- nitrogen and cycocele0
- Outcome
- increasing wheat yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, it was concluded that nitrogen and cycocel can be as a proper tool for increasing wheat yield.”
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