chlormequat chloride · Yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)

Results differ71 papers: 53 positive, 18 negative or no effect · 221 pairs of papers confirmed to differ

139 claims from these papers; 46 citations between them.

Papers whose results differ, checked claim by claim 221

221 pairs of papers on this question report results that differ: an effect in one paper, the opposite effect or no effect in the other. Two model reviewers reading both claims accepted each pair. 50 of them are shown here, as many different papers as possible.

A comparison of the root and shoot growth of winter barley and winter wheat, and the effect of an early application of chlormequat (1984)
no changeChlormequat did not significantly affect shoot number, crop dry weight, or grain yield in either cereal.
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
What separates themSituation: not stated · salt stressCompare the two papers →
Response of Five Winter Wheat Cultivars to Growth Regulators and Increased Nitrogen¹ (1986)
no changeCCC did not affect yield.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Shiraz. (2008)
increaseCCC at 2.20 kg/ha applied at ZGS 25 significantly increased wheat grain yield (8.9 t/ha) compared with ethephon and control in a field experiment.
What separates themDose: 3.37 kg/ha · 2.2 kg/haCompare the two papers →
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat as Influenced by Chlormequat Chloride and Ethephon (1989)
no changeIn the nonlodging year, CCC yield was similar to the check, at 6.60 versus 6.39 Mg ha −1.
What separates themTest system: controlled environment · fieldCompare the two papers →
Experiments with CCC on wheat: effects of spacing, nitrogen and irrigation (1969)
no changeGrain yield was unchanged when CCC reduced flag-leaf area duration by 25%.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and presowing drought hardening on growth and grain yield of wheat (1972)
increaseCCC raised wheat grain yield by up to 88 per cent.
EFFECTS OF CHLORMEQUAT ON PLANT HEIGHT, DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CULTIVARS OF BARLEY, OATS, AND WHEAT (1977)
no changeChlormequat left seed yields unchanged.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
The effect of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylommonium chloride (CCC) on the growth and yield of wheat (1971)
increaseCCC significantly raised grain yield only in wet 1968.
Effects of Reduction in Plant Height Induced by Chlormequat on Radiation Interception and Radiation-Use Efficiency in Wheat in Southwest Japan (2009)
no changeChlormequat did not affect yield.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →

Show 44 more pairs

A comparative study of two methods of applying CCC ((2-chloroethyl) trimethylommonium chloride) to wheat (1971)
increaseCCC sprayed at jointing increased wheat grain yield.
Woburn irrigation, 1960–8:VI. Results for rotation crops (1970)
no changeOn average the dwarfing compound CCC had no effect on spring wheat grain yields.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
Effect of CCC (chlorocholine chloride) on growth and yield of spring wheat in the field (1965)
increaseCCC increased mean grain yield by 5%.
EFFECTS OF CYCOCEL (CCC) AND FUNGICIDE SPRAYS ON SPRING WHEAT GROWN AT THREE NITROGEN LEVELS (1979)
decreaseCycocel decreased wheat yield where lodging was absent.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
Grain yield and quality of wheat as affected by chlormequat (2‐chloroethyl‐trimethyl ammonium chloride) (1971)
decreaseCCC prevented lodging and the depression of yield that occurred in control plots.
The Effect of Sulphur and Growth Regulators on Growth Characteristics and Grain Yield of Spring Sown Wheat (2007)
no changeAt GS 30 and 32, chlormequat did not affect grain yield.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
Effect of CCC on Eyespot ( Cercosporella herpotrichoides ) of Winter Wheat (1969)
increaseCCC sometimes increased grain yield.
Timing applications of growth regulators to alter spring cereal development at high latitudes (2002)
decreaseCCC applied at ZGS 31-32 reduced wheat grain yield by 480 kg ha-1.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
The effects of omitting or reducing pesticide and other inputs on the disease incidence and yield components of winter wheat in Northern Ireland (1995)
increaseChlormequat increased yield only in 1986.
Effects of 2-chloroethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on yield and lodging of wheat. (1967)
decreaseBoot-stage CCC sharply decreased wheat grain yield.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
Effect of fertility levels and antitranspirants on productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties (2001)
increaseFoliar cycocel at 1,000 ppm increased Raj 3765 grain yield to 4.04 t/ha.
What separates themTest system: controlled environment · fieldCompare the two papers →
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
Chlormequat Chloride and Uniconazole Regulate Lodging Resistance and Yield Formation of Wheat Through Different Strategies (2025)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield by 6.5%.
What separates themTest system: controlled environment · fieldCompare the two papers →
A comparison of the root and shoot growth of winter barley and winter wheat, and the effect of an early application of chlormequat (1984)
no changeChlormequat did not significantly affect shoot number, crop dry weight, or grain yield in either cereal.
What are the effects of chlormequat and trinexapac-ethyl alone or in combina- tion on lodging, height and yield of winter wheat in Tasmania? (2015)
increaseCCC applied at mid tillering increased winter wheat yield by 7.5% compared with the control in 2012.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
A comparison of the root and shoot growth of winter barley and winter wheat, and the effect of an early application of chlormequat (1984)
no changeChlormequat did not significantly affect shoot number, crop dry weight, or grain yield in either cereal.
The Effects of a Few Growth Regulators on the Stalks,Yield and Quality of Wheat (2013)
increaseCCC increased yield by 3.0% relative to CK.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
A comparison of the root and shoot growth of winter barley and winter wheat, and the effect of an early application of chlormequat (1984)
no changeChlormequat did not significantly affect shoot number, crop dry weight, or grain yield in either cereal.
Optimising the Morphology and Quality of Basal Stem Nodes to Improve Wheat Lodging Resistance and Yield (2025)
increaseCCC increased XD18 total yield versus CK.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
Response of Five Winter Wheat Cultivars to Growth Regulators and Increased Nitrogen¹ (1986)
no changeCCC did not affect yield.
Effect of Three Growth Regulators on Grain Yield of Wheat Cultivars under Different Moisture Regimes (2016)
increaseGrowth regulators, especially cycocel, increased thousand grain weight and grain yield.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
A comparison of the root and shoot growth of winter barley and winter wheat, and the effect of an early application of chlormequat (1984)
no changeChlormequat did not significantly affect shoot number, crop dry weight, or grain yield in either cereal.
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
What separates themTest system: field · controlled environmentCompare the two papers →
A comparison of the root and shoot growth of winter barley and winter wheat, and the effect of an early application of chlormequat (1984)
no changeChlormequat did not significantly affect shoot number, crop dry weight, or grain yield in either cereal.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
Response of Five Winter Wheat Cultivars to Growth Regulators and Increased Nitrogen¹ (1986)
no changeCCC did not affect yield.
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
What separates themSituation: not stated · salt stressCompare the two papers →
Response of Five Winter Wheat Cultivars to Growth Regulators and Increased Nitrogen¹ (1986)
no changeCCC did not affect yield.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
What separates themSituation: salt stress · not statedCompare the two papers →
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
Experiments with CCC on wheat: effects of spacing, nitrogen and irrigation (1969)
no changeGrain yield was unchanged when CCC reduced flag-leaf area duration by 25%.
What separates themSituation: salt stress · not statedCompare the two papers →
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat as Influenced by Chlormequat Chloride and Ethephon (1989)
no changeIn the nonlodging year, CCC yield was similar to the check, at 6.60 versus 6.39 Mg ha −1.
What separates themSituation: salt stress · not statedCompare the two papers →
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
Effects of Reduction in Plant Height Induced by Chlormequat on Radiation Interception and Radiation-Use Efficiency in Wheat in Southwest Japan (2009)
no changeChlormequat did not affect yield.
What separates themSituation: salt stress · not statedCompare the two papers →
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
Woburn irrigation, 1960–8:VI. Results for rotation crops (1970)
no changeOn average the dwarfing compound CCC had no effect on spring wheat grain yields.
What separates themSituation: salt stress · not statedCompare the two papers →
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
EFFECTS OF CYCOCEL (CCC) AND FUNGICIDE SPRAYS ON SPRING WHEAT GROWN AT THREE NITROGEN LEVELS (1979)
decreaseCycocel decreased wheat yield where lodging was absent.
What separates themSituation: salt stress · not statedCompare the two papers →
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
The Effect of Sulphur and Growth Regulators on Growth Characteristics and Grain Yield of Spring Sown Wheat (2007)
no changeAt GS 30 and 32, chlormequat did not affect grain yield.
What separates themSituation: salt stress · not statedCompare the two papers →
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
Timing applications of growth regulators to alter spring cereal development at high latitudes (2002)
decreaseCCC applied at ZGS 31-32 reduced wheat grain yield by 480 kg ha-1.
What separates themSituation: salt stress · not statedCompare the two papers →
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants (1977)
increaseCCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
Effects of 2-chloroethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on yield and lodging of wheat. (1967)
decreaseBoot-stage CCC sharply decreased wheat grain yield.
What separates themSituation: salt stress · not statedCompare the two papers →
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
EFFECTS OF CHLORMEQUAT ON PLANT HEIGHT, DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CULTIVARS OF BARLEY, OATS, AND WHEAT (1977)
no changeChlormequat left seed yields unchanged.
What separates themTest system: controlled environment · fieldCompare the two papers →
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
Effects of Reduction in Plant Height Induced by Chlormequat on Radiation Interception and Radiation-Use Efficiency in Wheat in Southwest Japan (2009)
no changeChlormequat did not affect yield.
What separates themTest system: controlled environment · fieldCompare the two papers →
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Shiraz. (2008)
increaseCCC at 2.20 kg/ha applied at ZGS 25 significantly increased wheat grain yield (8.9 t/ha) compared with ethephon and control in a field experiment.
What separates themTest system: controlled environment · fieldCompare the two papers →
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
The Effect of Sulphur and Growth Regulators on Growth Characteristics and Grain Yield of Spring Sown Wheat (2007)
no changeAt GS 30 and 32, chlormequat did not affect grain yield.
What separates themTest system: controlled environment · fieldCompare the two papers →
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat as Influenced by Chlormequat Chloride and Ethephon (1989)
no changeIn the nonlodging year, CCC yield was similar to the check, at 6.60 versus 6.39 Mg ha −1.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
EFFECTS OF CHLORMEQUAT ON PLANT HEIGHT, DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CULTIVARS OF BARLEY, OATS, AND WHEAT (1977)
no changeChlormequat left seed yields unchanged.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
Effects of Reduction in Plant Height Induced by Chlormequat on Radiation Interception and Radiation-Use Efficiency in Wheat in Southwest Japan (2009)
no changeChlormequat did not affect yield.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
Woburn irrigation, 1960–8:VI. Results for rotation crops (1970)
no changeOn average the dwarfing compound CCC had no effect on spring wheat grain yields.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
EFFECTS OF CYCOCEL (CCC) AND FUNGICIDE SPRAYS ON SPRING WHEAT GROWN AT THREE NITROGEN LEVELS (1979)
decreaseCycocel decreased wheat yield where lodging was absent.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
The Effect of Sulphur and Growth Regulators on Growth Characteristics and Grain Yield of Spring Sown Wheat (2007)
no changeAt GS 30 and 32, chlormequat did not affect grain yield.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
Timing applications of growth regulators to alter spring cereal development at high latitudes (2002)
decreaseCCC applied at ZGS 31-32 reduced wheat grain yield by 480 kg ha-1.
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
What separates themSituation: not stated · droughtCompare the two papers →
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions (2016)
increaseCCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
Effects of 2-chloroethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on yield and lodging of wheat. (1967)
decreaseBoot-stage CCC sharply decreased wheat grain yield.
What separates themSituation: drought · not statedCompare the two papers →
The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and presowing drought hardening on growth and grain yield of wheat (1972)
increaseCCC raised wheat grain yield by up to 88 per cent.
A comparison of the root and shoot growth of winter barley and winter wheat, and the effect of an early application of chlormequat (1984)
no changeChlormequat did not significantly affect shoot number, crop dry weight, or grain yield in either cereal.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and presowing drought hardening on growth and grain yield of wheat (1972)
increaseCCC raised wheat grain yield by up to 88 per cent.
Response of Five Winter Wheat Cultivars to Growth Regulators and Increased Nitrogen¹ (1986)
no changeCCC did not affect yield.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and presowing drought hardening on growth and grain yield of wheat (1972)
increaseCCC raised wheat grain yield by up to 88 per cent.
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat (2008)
decreaseIn wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and presowing drought hardening on growth and grain yield of wheat (1972)
increaseCCC raised wheat grain yield by up to 88 per cent.
Experiments with CCC on wheat: effects of spacing, nitrogen and irrigation (1969)
no changeGrain yield was unchanged when CCC reduced flag-leaf area duration by 25%.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and presowing drought hardening on growth and grain yield of wheat (1972)
increaseCCC raised wheat grain yield by up to 88 per cent.
Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat as Influenced by Chlormequat Chloride and Ethephon (1989)
no changeIn the nonlodging year, CCC yield was similar to the check, at 6.60 versus 6.39 Mg ha −1.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and presowing drought hardening on growth and grain yield of wheat (1972)
increaseCCC raised wheat grain yield by up to 88 per cent.
Effects of Reduction in Plant Height Induced by Chlormequat on Radiation Interception and Radiation-Use Efficiency in Wheat in Southwest Japan (2009)
no changeChlormequat did not affect yield.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →
The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and presowing drought hardening on growth and grain yield of wheat (1972)
increaseCCC raised wheat grain yield by up to 88 per cent.
Woburn irrigation, 1960–8:VI. Results for rotation crops (1970)
no changeOn average the dwarfing compound CCC had no effect on spring wheat grain yields.
The records name no dose, test system or situation that separates the two claims.Compare the two papers →

How these papers cite each other

46 citations between these papers: 32 on the same side, 14 across the two sides.

Positive result
Negative result or no effect
Citation, pointing to the cited paper
Citation across the two sides
Larger circle: more citations overall

Years run left to right. Citations come from the papers’ OpenAlex reference lists. Hover a paper to bring forward its citations; click it to open the paper.

Papers reporting a positive result 53

Effect of CCC (chlorocholine chloride) on growth and yield of spring wheat in the field · 1965
- positive
  CCC increased mean grain yield by 5%.
- positive
  CCC increased the number of ears and grains per ear.
- negative
  CCC decreased dry-matter yields.
- negative
  CCC decreased grain weight per ear and thousand-grain weight.
cited by 6 papers here
Influence of 2‐Chloroethyltrimethylammonium Chloride (CCC) on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) When Applied as a Seed Treatment¹ · 1966
- positive
  CCC treatment increased yield in the three tall varieties.
- negative
  CCC treatment reduced yield in the semidwarf variety.
Effects of 2-chloroethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on yield and lodging of wheat. · 1967
- positive
  CCC increased Cleo grain number by 20%.
- positive
  CCC increased Opal spring wheat yield at the two highest nitrogen levels.
  compared with control plots
- positive
  CCC at Feekes stage 3 slightly increased Stella wheat yield.
- positive
  CCC increased Stella grain number by 2-3%.
- positive
  CCC increased Cleo grain yield by 10-15 kg grain/are.
- negative
  Boot-stage CCC sharply decreased wheat grain yield.
cites 1 paper here
Lodging in wheat and its control by (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) in solid form · 1968
- positive
  At the highest rate CCC prevented nitrogen-related yield depression.
- no effect
  Apart from preventing nitrogen-related yield depression, CCC did not increase overall wheat yield.
- negative
  CCC depressed wheat yield in standing and lodged areas.
cited by 3 papers here
Experiments with CCC on wheat: effects of spacing, nitrogen and irrigation · 1969
- positive
  CCC increased yield more at close than usual spacing.
  compared with usual spacing (8 in) (20 cm)
- positive
  During a dry spell at ear emergence, CCC raised spring wheat yield by 6 cwt/acre.
- positive
  CCC increased ears or grain per ear.
- no effect
  Grain yield was unchanged when CCC reduced flag-leaf area duration by 25%.
- negative
  CCC usually made grains smaller in unlodged wheat.
cites 2 papers here
Effect of CCC on Eyespot ( Cercosporella herpotrichoides ) of Winter Wheat · 1969
- positive
  CCC sometimes increased grain yield.
cited by 1 paper here
The influence of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and gibberellic acid on wheat yields · 1970
- positive
  CCC increased the number of grains produced per ear in wheat.
  compared with the controls
- positive
  CCC-treated wheat outyielded the controls in field experiments under high nitrogen fertiliser.
  compared with the controls
cites 2 papers herecited by 4 papers here
Increase in wheat grain yield induced by chlormequat chloride · 1970
- positive
  Chlormequat chloride sometimes increased the number of grains per ear of wheat.
- no effect
  Chlormequat chloride did not affect the length of the main-stem ear or the weight of 100 grains of wheat.
The effect of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylommonium chloride (CCC) on the growth and yield of wheat · 1971
- positive
  CCC significantly raised grain yield only in wet 1968.
- no effect
  No grain-yield response occurred in 1967 or 1969.
cited by 1 paper here
A comparative study of two methods of applying CCC ((2-chloroethyl) trimethylommonium chloride) to wheat · 1971
- positive
  CCC sprayed at jointing increased wheat grain yield.
cited by 2 papers here
Grain yield and quality of wheat as affected by chlormequat (2‐chloroethyl‐trimethyl ammonium chloride) · 1971
- positive
  CCC prevented lodging and the depression of yield that occurred in control plots.
  compared with control plots
- positive
  CCC-treated plots had more ears per unit area and grains per ear than control plots in all but one case.
  compared with control plots
cites 3 papers here
The effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and presowing drought hardening on growth and grain yield of wheat · 1972
- positive
  CCC raised wheat grain yield by up to 88 per cent.
Response of four wheat cultivars to applications of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) · 1972
- positive
  CCC increased grain number per wheat ear.
- positive
  CCC increased wheat grain yield, especially in Timgalen.
- positive
  CCC increased ear number per unit area.
- positive
  CCC increased ear-bearing tillers in Pitic 62.
- positive
  CCC increased grain yield in Pitic 62 despite little height effect.
- no effect
  CCC produced no significant grain yield increase in R.K.F.
EFFECTS OF CCC ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ACCUMULATION OF MATERIALS DURING THE GRAIN FILLING PERIOD IN WHEAT · 1973
- positive
  The dry weight of grains per ear and the 1000-grain weight were also increased
- positive
  increased the number of ears per plant and the number of grains per ear
The combined effect of soil salinity and CCC on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat plants · 1977
- positive
  CCC raised grain yield per plant with or without salinity, especially without it.
Physiological response of dwarf wheat to chlorocholinechloride under soil moisture stress · 1978
- positive
  Treated wheat yielded more than untreated plants after recovery.
  compared with untreated plants
cites 1 paper here
The effect of chlormequat chloride formulated with choline chloride on the height and yield of winter wheat · 1981
- positive
  Chlormequat yield gains were usually greater under traditional than Laloux wheat growing.
  compared with the Laloux system
- positive
  Chlormequat raised grain yield by a mean 0.31 t/ha without lodging.
- positive
  Yield gain was greater where untreated controls lodged.
  compared with untreated controls
- negative
  The combined chlormequat and carbendazim yield gain was usually less than the sum of their separate gains.
  compared with the two products applied separately
cited by 3 papers here
A re-evaluation of chlormequat application to wheat in Western Australia · 1986
- positive
  Low chlormequat application rates applied early in crop development can increase wheat grain yield.
cites 5 papers here
Nitrogen Fertilization and Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Yield and Quality of Four Wheat Cultivars · 1988
- positive
  Chlormequat chloride increased yield.
cites 1 paper herecited by 1 paper here
The effects of omitting or reducing pesticide and other inputs on the disease incidence and yield components of winter wheat in Northern Ireland · 1995
- positive
  Chlormequat increased yield only in 1986.
cites 1 paper here
Breaking Uniculm Growth Habit of Spring Cereals at High Latitudes by Crop Management. II. Tillering, Grain yield and Yield Components · 1997
- positive
  In wheat cultivar Heta, head-bearing tillers contributed more to grain yield under low seeding rate and CCC.
  compared with controls
cited by 2 papers here
Plant growth regulators control ozone damage to wheat yield · 2001
- positive
  Chlormequat protected wheat against ozone yield reduction.
cites 3 papers here
Effect of juice biological fertilizer on wheat · 2001
- positive
  Adding microorganism and CCC to compound juice enhanced wheat yield in the field.
- positive
  Adding microorganism and CCC to compound juice improved wheat yield components in the field.
Effect of fertility levels and antitranspirants on productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties · 2001
- positive
  Foliar cycocel at 1,000 ppm increased Raj 3765 straw yield to 5.32 t/ha.
- positive
  Foliar cycocel at 1,000 ppm increased Raj 3765 grain yield to 4.04 t/ha.
- positive
  Foliar cycocel at 1,000 ppm significantly increased tillers, grains per spike and seed weight in Raj 3765.
- positive
  Cycocel at 1,000 ppm gave a benefit to cost ratio of 3.43.
- positive
  Cycocel at 1,000 ppm gave the highest net returns of 64,960/ha.
The Effect of Sulphur and Growth Regulators on Growth Characteristics and Grain Yield of Spring Sown Wheat · 2007
- positive
  Chlormequat at GS 23 appeared to increase the number of ears at maturity.
- no effect
  At GS 30 and 32, chlormequat did not affect grain yield.
cites 1 paper herecited by 1 paper here
Effects of nitrogen fertilization and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Shiraz. · 2008
- positive
  CCC at 2.20 kg/ha applied at ZGS 25 significantly increased wheat grain yield (8.9 t/ha) compared with ethephon and control in a field experiment.
  compared with control
- positive
  The highest wheat grain yield (8.9 t/ha) was obtained at 200 kg/ha N with 2.20 kg/ha CCC.
cites 2 papers herecited by 3 papers here
Water Use Efficiency of Four Dryland Wheat Cultivars under Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization · 2011
- positive
  Nicknejad with CCC and 80 kg Nha-1 had the highest first-season grain yield, 192.4 gm-2.
- positive
  Nicknejad with CCC and 80 kg Nha-1 had the highest first-season biomass, 431.2 gm-2.
cites 1 paper here
Induction of drought tolerance with seed priming in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2012
- positive
  CCC and IAA priming maximized seed weight across cultivars.
Interaction Effects of Winter Irrigation and Chemical Regulation on Lodging-resistance and Yield of Drip Irrigated Spring Wheat · 2012
- positive
  The combined treatment significantly increased wheat yield.
Induction of drought tolerance with seed priming in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2012
- positive
  CCC priming increased seed weight the most.
The Effects of a Few Growth Regulators on the Stalks,Yield and Quality of Wheat · 2013
- positive
  CCC increased yield by 3.0% relative to CK.
  compared with CK
The effect of application time of cycocel hormone and plant density on yield and yield components of wheat (Chamran cultivar) in Ahvaz weather conditions · 2014
- positive
  Chlormequat chloride (CCC) application significantly increased spikes per square meter, 1000-grain weight and grain yield compared with control.
  compared with control treatment
- negative
  Chlormequat chloride application decreased the number of grains per spike compared with control.
  compared with control treatment
cites 1 paper here
What are the effects of chlormequat and trinexapac-ethyl alone or in combina- tion on lodging, height and yield of winter wheat in Tasmania? · 2015
- positive
  CCC applied at mid tillering increased winter wheat yield by 7.5% compared with the control in 2012.
  compared with control
- positive
  CCC applied at early stem elongation increased winter wheat yield by 4.1% compared with the control in 2012.
  compared with control
cites 2 papers here
The Effect of Chlormequat Chloride on Yield and Yield Components of Three Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions · 2016
- positive
  CCC partly compensated for drought-related grain yield reduction by 30% to 60%.
- positive
  CCC increased wheat yield components under drought stress.
- positive
  CCC increased wheat yield under drought stress.
cites 1 paper herecited by 1 paper here
Effect of Three Growth Regulators on Grain Yield of Wheat Cultivars under Different Moisture Regimes · 2016
- positive
  Growth regulators, especially cycocel, increased thousand grain weight and grain yield.
- positive
  Growth regulators, especially cycocel, increased ear weight, grains per spike, and harvest index.
Growth, physiological status, and yield of salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants affected by biofertilizer and cycocel applications · 2017
- positive
  The highest cycocel level produced the greatest grain filling period without salt stress.
- positive
  F3C2 biofertilizer and cycocel increased grain yield by 24.7% versus controls.
  compared with controls
The Effect of CCC, Zinc Sulfate and Nitoxin on Root Growth and Grain Yield of Wheat under Dry Land Farming and Greenhouse Conditions · 2018
- positive
  The greatest grain yield (1710 kg per hectare) was obtained with CCC at 2.5 g L-1, 50 kg Zn and Nit seed treatment.
Effect of nitrogen levels and plant growth regulators on growth, lodging, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2019
- positive
  The 180 kg N ha-1 combined treatment gave higher gross return of 116376.25 ha-1.
- positive
  The 180 kg N ha-1 combined treatment gave higher grain yield of 48.37 q ha-1.
- positive
  The 150 kg N ha-1 combined treatment gave the maximum B:C ratio of 2.42 and was considered most remunerative.
- positive
  The 180 kg N ha-1 combined treatment gave higher B:C ratio of 2.40.
- positive
  Combined sprays increased tiller number relative to nitrogen alone.
  compared with nitrogen rates alone
- positive
  The 180 kg N ha-1 combined treatment gave higher harvest index of 40.52.
- positive
  The 180 kg N ha-1 combined treatment gave higher net return of 82164.25 ha-1.
cited by 1 paper here
Wheat yield maximization through nutrient management and use of growth retardants · 2019
- positive
  Cycocel plus Folicur significantly increased grain yield and harvest index among sprays.
  compared with the sprays
Effect of nutrient management and growth retardants on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth attributes and productivity · 2019
- positive
  Cycocel plus Folicur gave significantly higher grain yield and harvest index.
Impact of nutrient management practices and plant growth regulators on growth, productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) · 2019
- positive
  The combined growth regulators produced the highest net returns.
- positive
  The combined growth regulators produced the highest B:C ratio.
Yield Components and Grain Yield Responses of Four Wheat Cultivars to Growth Retardant Cycocel under Terminal Drought Stress Conditions · 2020
- positive
  Cycocel offset stress-related reduction in grain yield by 17%.
- positive
  Cycocel offset stress-related reduction in spike density by 18%.
- positive
  Cycocel offset stress-related reduction in grain number per ear by 29%.
- positive
  Cycocel offset stress-related reduction in 1000-grain weight by 6%.
- positive
  Cycocel offset stress-related reduction in biological yield by 11%.
cited by 1 paper here
Enhancing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and quality by managing lodging with growth regulators under different nutrition levels · 2021
- positive
  Combined regulators raised 1000-grain weight and grain yield over control and either regulator alone.
  compared with control, chlormequat chloride, and tebuconazole
cited by 2 papers here
Influence of Fertility Levels and Plant Growth Retardants on Growth and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Jharkhand · 2021
- positive
  Combined CCC and tebuconazole application significantly increased wheat grain yield by 10.84% and 11.15% in the two years.
cited by 1 paper here
Physiological Responses and Antioxidant of Wheat Cultivars in PGR -Mediated Alleviation of Drought Stress · 2021
- positive
  Combined Si and CCC had synergistic yield and physiological effects compared with individual applications.
  compared with Si or CCC applied separately
Cycocel, iron and zinc effects on yield and physiological characteristics of wheat under drought stress conditions · 2021
- positive
  Cycocel application under normal irrigation and stress conditions at the reproductive stage increased wheat seed yield and yield components compared with non-application.
  compared with non-application
cited by 1 paper here
Utilization Efficiency of Growth Regulators in Wheat under Drought Stress and Sandy Soil Conditions · 2021
- positive
  Cycocel increased the number of spikes per square metre.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Soluble Carbohydrates, Photosynthetic Pigments and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Sirvan and Homa Wheat Cultivars in Rainfed and Irrigation Conditions · 2022
- positive
  Cycocel spray at stem elongation gave the highest wheat grain yield under irrigation at booting + flowering + grain filling.
- positive
  Cycocel applied at grain filling gave the highest wheat grain yield under irrigation at booting + flowering + grain filling.
cites 1 paper here
Response of Nitrogen and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2023
- positive
  grains/spike reached 60.05 under nitrogen -160 kg/ha along with CCC (0.2%) and Tebuconazole (0.1 %).
- positive
  grain yield reached 4.66 t/ha under nitrogen -160 kg/ha along with CCC (0.2%) and Tebuconazole (0.1 %).
- positive
  number of tillers/running row meter reached 78.33 under nitrogen -160 kg/ha along with CCC (0.2%) and Tebuconazole (0.1 %).
- positive
  straw yield reached 6.98 t/ha under nitrogen -160 kg/ha along with CCC (0.2%) and Tebuconazole (0.1 %).
- positive
  effective tillers/m2 reached 271 under nitrogen -160 kg/ha along with CCC (0.2%) and Tebuconazole (0.1 %).
- positive
  spike length reached 15.10 cm under nitrogen -160 kg/ha along with CCC (0.2%) and Tebuconazole (0.1 %).
Optimising the Morphology and Quality of Basal Stem Nodes to Improve Wheat Lodging Resistance and Yield · 2025
- positive
  CG further increased final yield in SD0358 relative to CC.
  compared with CC
- positive
  CCC increased XD18 total yield versus CK.
  compared with CK
- positive
  CCC enhanced yield in SD0358.
cites 1 paper here
Chlormequat Chloride and Uniconazole Regulate Lodging Resistance and Yield Formation of Wheat Through Different Strategies · 2025
- positive
  CCC increased wheat yield by 6.5%.
  compared with CK
cites 2 papers herecited by 1 paper here
Impact of Humic Acid and Cycocel Foliar Application on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yield and Nutrient Uptake under Late-Season Drought Stress · 2025
- positive
  Applying 3 g.L-1 cycocel with conventional irrigation gave the highest wheat grain yield, 4840.5 kg.ha-1.
Effects of Cycocel Rates and Seed Rate on Growth, Lodging Percentage, and Yield of Wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.)] · 2026
- positive
  Cycocel increased wheat grain yield even at high seed rates.
- positive
  Increasing cycocel rate increased wheat grain yield at the 120 kg·ha −1 seed rate.
- positive
  Increasing cycocel rate increased wheat grain yield at the 160 kg·ha −1 seed rate.
- negative
  Increasing seed rate without cycocel reduced grain yield.
cites 2 papers here

Papers reporting a negative result or no effect 18

Investigations on chemical control of common bunt of wheat. 1 · 1967
- no effect
  Phenylmercuric acetate with CCC did not promote tillering or yield.
Woburn irrigation, 1960–8:VI. Results for rotation crops · 1970
- no effect
  On average the dwarfing compound CCC had no effect on spring wheat grain yields.
- negative
  The dwarfing compound CCC decreased spring wheat straw yields.
The growth, composition and nutrient uptake of spring wheat: Effects of fertilizer-N, irrigation and CCC on dry matter and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na · 1972
- no effect
  CCC did not affect yield of ears.
- negative
  CCC decreased yield of straw.
EFFECTS OF CHLORMEQUAT ON PLANT HEIGHT, DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CULTIVARS OF BARLEY, OATS, AND WHEAT · 1977
- no effect
  Chlormequat left seed yields unchanged.
cited by 1 paper here
EFFECTS OF CYCOCEL (CCC) AND FUNGICIDE SPRAYS ON SPRING WHEAT GROWN AT THREE NITROGEN LEVELS · 1979
- negative
  Cycocel decreased wheat yield where lodging was absent.
A comparison of the root and shoot growth of winter barley and winter wheat, and the effect of an early application of chlormequat · 1984
- no effect
  Chlormequat did not significantly affect shoot number, crop dry weight, or grain yield in either cereal.
cited by 2 papers here
Response of Five Winter Wheat Cultivars to Growth Regulators and Increased Nitrogen¹ · 1986
- no effect
  CCC did not affect yield.
cited by 3 papers here
Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat as Influenced by Chlormequat Chloride and Ethephon · 1989
- no effect
  In the nonlodging year, CCC yield was similar to the check, at 6.60 versus 6.39 Mg ha −1.
  compared with check
cited by 2 papers here
Timing applications of growth regulators to alter spring cereal development at high latitudes · 2002
- negative
  CCC applied at ZGS 31-32 reduced wheat grain yield by 480 kg ha-1.
cites 2 papers here
Effects of Foliar Applied Sulfur and Commercial Growth Regulators in Wheat · 2008
- negative
  In wheat, in Experiment 2, the grain yield was significantly reduced by CC.
cites 2 papers here
Effects of Reduction in Plant Height Induced by Chlormequat on Radiation Interception and Radiation-Use Efficiency in Wheat in Southwest Japan · 2009
- no effect
  Chlormequat did not affect yield.
- no effect
  Chlormequat did not affect yield components except harvest index.
cites 1 paper herecited by 1 paper here
Use of growth retardants in wheat · 2009
- no effect
  Chlormequat and paclobutrazol did not affect wheat grain yield.
cited by 2 papers here
Influence of pinoxaden in mixtures with retardants on growth and yield of winter wheat · 2014
- negative
  Pinoxaden with CCC slightly decreased thousand-seed weight relative to separate application.
  compared with a separate application
Influence of pinoxaden in mixtures with retardants on growth and yield of winter wheat · 2014
- negative
  herbicide with CCC mixture slightly decreased thousand-seed weight relative to separate application.
  compared with a separate application
Study of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cycocel on Fv/Fm and Dry Matter Mobilization to Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) · 2017
- negative
  Nitrogen and cycocel reduced stem reserve contribution in grain yield.
cites 1 paper here
Effects of different cycocel doses and irrigation levels on grain production, quality characteristics and water use in bread wheat · 2024
- negative
  Under I3, increasing CCC application significantly reduced spike length.
cites 5 papers here
Nitrogen levels and growth regulators effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum) lodging, productivity and profitability under restricted irrigation in a Vertisols of Central India · 2025
- no effect
  The authors conclude that growth retardants (0.2% chlormequat chloride + 0.1% tebuconazole) shortened wheat plants and reduced lodging but did not improve productivity and profitability under restricted irrigation.
cites 2 papers here
To what extent replacing N fertilization by a companion service cover crop maintains crop productivity and N use efficiency? · 2025
- negative
  Companion cover cropping showed a nonsignificant tendency toward lower wheat yield than no nitrogen in 2021 and 2022.
  compared with 0 N
- negative
  Companion cover cropping yielded less wheat than the three fertilized strategies.
  compared with FM, BAU and FS

A paper is on the positive side when any of its claims here is positive. Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. Claims that compare genotypes are left out; a claim about lacking a nutrient counts the other way round in that nutrient’s question. “Results differ” marks a question where two model reviewers, reading both claims, accepted at least one pair of papers whose results differ.

chlormequat chloride · Yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)

Papers whose results differ, checked claim by claim 221

How these papers cite each other

Papers reporting a positive result 53

Papers reporting a negative result or no effect 18

chlormequat chloride on Triticum aestivum (wheat) against other targets

chlormequat chloride · yield on other organisms