Abstract
SUMMARY In experiments with spring and winter wheat at Rothamsted and Woburn during 4 years CCC increased yield at close spacing (4 in) (10 cm) more than at usual spacing (8 in) (20 cm), but there was no interaction between spacing and yield. Some experiments tested up to 2·4 cwt/acre (300 kg/ha) N to see whether yields continued to increase with more than usual amounts of N, when CCC prevented lodging. There was no evidence of this. When a short dry spell occurred at ear emergence, yield of spring wheat was increased by 6 cwt/acre (750 kg/ha) by CCC and 10 cwt (1250 kg) by irrigation. CCC probably improves yield in these conditions because the larger root system it causes enables more ear‐bearing shoots to survive. CCC increases yield in two ways, either by increasing ears or grain per ear. In an unlodged crop CCC usually makes the grains smaller, but by preventing lodging it can also increase size. Usually CCC decreases the leaf area per shoot. The flag leaf may be smaller, unchanged or larger than those of untreated plants. There was no obvious connexion between flag‐leaf area and grain yield; when CCC decreased flag‐leaf area duration by 25 %, grain yield was unchanged. The results suggest that using CCC gives a more than even chance of a profitable yield increase.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
CCC increased yield more at close than usual spacing.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- usual spacing (8 in) (20 cm)e0
- Setting
- close spacing (4 in) (10 cm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCC increased yield at close spacing (4 in) (10 cm) more than at usual spacing (8 in) (20 cm)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing and yield showed no interaction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- spacinge0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no interaction between spacing and yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra nitrogen gave no evidence of continued yield increase when CCC prevented lodging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- up to 2·4 cwt/acre (300 kg/ha) Ne0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Qualifier
- There was no evidence of this.e0
- Comparator
- usual amounts of Ne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some experiments tested up to 2·4 cwt/acre (300 kg/ha) N to see whether yields continued to increase with more than usual amounts of N, when CCC prevented lodging. There was no evidence of this.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
During a dry spell at ear emergence, CCC raised spring wheat yield by 6 cwt/acre.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- yield of spring wheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6 cwt/acre (750 kg/ha)e0
- Qualifier
- short dry spell occurred at ear emergencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a short dry spell occurred at ear emergence, yield of spring wheat was increased by 6 cwt/acre (750 kg/ha) by CCC”
Claim · model-written summary
During a dry spell at ear emergence, irrigation raised spring wheat yield by 10 cwt.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- yield of spring wheate0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10 cwt (1250 kg)e0
- Qualifier
- short dry spell occurred at ear emergencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a short dry spell occurred at ear emergence, yield of spring wheat was increased by 6 cwt/acre (750 kg/ha) by CCC and 10 cwt (1250 kg) by irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC increased ears or grain per ear.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- ears or grain per eare0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCC increases yield in two ways, either by increasing ears or grain per ear”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC usually made grains smaller in unlodged wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- grainse0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Qualifier
- unlodged crope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In an unlodged crop CCC usually makes the grains smaller”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
By preventing lodging CCC could increase grain size.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCCe1
- Outcome
- sizee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- preventing lodginge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by preventing lodging it can also increase size”
e1“In an unlodged crop CCC usually makes the grains smaller”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC usually decreased leaf area per shoot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- leaf area per shoote0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Usually CCC decreases the leaf area per shoot”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC variably changed flag leaf size.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCCe1
- Outcome
- flag leafe0
- Direction
- smaller, unchanged or largere0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The flag leaf may be smaller, unchanged or larger than those of untreated plants”
e1“Usually CCC decreases the leaf area per shoot”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag-leaf area was not clearly related to grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag‐leafe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- no obvious connexione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no obvious connexion between flag‐leaf area and grain yield”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was unchanged when CCC reduced flag-leaf area duration by 25%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCCe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- unchangede0
- Value
- 25 %e0
- Qualifier
- decreased flag‐leaf area duratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when CCC decreased flag‐leaf area duration by 25 %, grain yield was unchanged”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest CCC gives a more than even chance of profitable yield increase.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- using CCCe0
- Qualifier
- more than even chance of a profitable yield increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using CCC gives a more than even chance of a profitable yield increase”
t0“wheat”
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