Abstract
Cycocel (CCC) is a synthetic substance widely used as a growth retardant in grain crops. The importance of CCC is greater under different stress conditions. In this study, the effects of different CCC doses (D0 = 0, D1 = 750, D2 = 1500, and D3 = 2250 g ha−1) and different irrigation levels (I0 = 100% as control, I1 = 75%, I2 = 50%, and I3 = 25%) on some agro-morphological characteristics, yield and quality parameters, and crop water use characteristics in a semi-dwarf bread wheat variety were investigated. The internode length, number of grains, grain weight per spike, biological yield and grain yield values showed significant reductions, especially under I3, regardless of CCC applications. Grain yields varied between 2.31-6.14 and 2.28-4.43 kg ha−1 in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, respectively. There was no significant difference in crop water consumption among different CCC doses under the same irrigation level. The effects of increasing water stress on the decrease in plant height were greater than that of increasing CCC application. Under I3 and increasing CCC applications, the spike length was significantly reduced. The protein content, sedimentation, wet gluten ratio, and gluten index values increased significantly, especially under I2 and I3. Plant yield response factors for both biological (0.85-0.90 in 2019-2020 and 0.74-0.99 in 2020-2021) and grain yields (0.77-0.90 in 2019-2020 and 0.77-0.1.12 in 2020-2021) varied between years depending on CCC applications and climatic conditions. The foliar CCC application for the purpose of increasing crop yield during drought season might not be recommendable.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Severe irrigation deficit significantly reduced wheat internode length, grain number and grain weight per spike.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- I3e0
- Outcome
- internode length, number of grains, grain weight per spikee0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The internode length, number of grains, grain weight per spike, biological yield and grain yield values showed significant reductions, especially under I3, regardless of CCC applications”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe irrigation deficit significantly reduced biological and grain yield.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I3e0
- Outcome
- biological yield and grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The internode length, number of grains, grain weight per spike, biological yield and grain yield values showed significant reductions, especially under I3, regardless of CCC applications”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield ranged from 2.31-6.14 kg ha−1 in 2019-2020.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Value
- 2.31-6.14e0
- Qualifier
- 2019-2020e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields varied between 2.31-6.14 and 2.28-4.43 kg ha−1 in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, respectively”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield ranged from 2.28-4.43 kg ha−1 in 2020-2021.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Value
- 2.28-4.43 kg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 2020-2021e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields varied between 2.31-6.14 and 2.28-4.43 kg ha−1 in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, respectively”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop water consumption did not significantly differ among CCC doses at a given irrigation level.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- different CCC dosese0
- Outcome
- crop water consumptione0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- same irrigation levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in crop water consumption among different CCC doses under the same irrigation level”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing water stress decreased plant height more than increasing CCC application.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing water stresse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- increasing CCC applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of increasing water stress on the decrease in plant height were greater than that of increasing CCC application”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Under I3, increasing CCC application significantly reduced spike length.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing CCC applicationse0
- Outcome
- spike lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- Under I3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under I3 and increasing CCC applications, the spike length was significantly reduced”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content, sedimentation and wet gluten ratio increased significantly especially under I2 and I3.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I2 and I3e0
- Outcome
- protein content, sedimentation, wet gluten ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein content, sedimentation, wet gluten ratio, and gluten index values increased significantly, especially under I2 and I3”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gluten index increased significantly especially under I2 and I3.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- I2 and I3e0
- Outcome
- gluten indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein content, sedimentation, wet gluten ratio, and gluten index values increased significantly, especially under I2 and I3”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield response factors varied between years with CCC application and climate.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCC applicationse0
- Outcome
- biologicale0
- Direction
- variede0
- Value
- 0.85-0.90 in 2019-2020 and 0.74-0.99 in 2020-2021e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant yield response factors for both biological (0.85-0.90 in 2019-2020 and 0.74-0.99 in 2020-2021) and grain yields (0.77-0.90 in 2019-2020 and 0.77-0.1.12 in 2020-2021) varied between years depending on CCC applications and climatic conditions”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield response factors varied between years with CCC application and climate.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CCC applicationse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- variede0
- Value
- 0.77-0.90 in 2019-2020 and 0.77-0.1.12 in 2020-2021e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant yield response factors for both biological (0.85-0.90 in 2019-2020 and 0.74-0.99 in 2020-2021) and grain yields (0.77-0.90 in 2019-2020 and 0.77-0.1.12 in 2020-2021) varied between years depending on CCC applications and climatic conditions”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against foliar CCC for increasing crop yield during drought.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- foliar CCC application for the purpose of increasing crop yield during drought seasone0
- Qualifier
- might not be recommendablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar CCC application for the purpose of increasing crop yield during drought season might not be recommendable”
t0“bread wheat”
The same questions in other papers
chlormequat chloride · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
67 papers more in this group
See all 71 papers →chlormequat chloride · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
drought · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
344 papers in the same direction as this paper · 86 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
427 papers more in this group
See all 431 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.