Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are widely used in Europe for lodging control in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grown at high N rates. A 2‐yr experiment was conducted in Illinois to evaluate the effects of three PGRs on grain yield, plant height, and lodging in five cultivars of soft red winter wheat grown at normal and high N rates. Increasing the N rate from 84 to 168 kg ha −1 decreased average yield by 12%. Mefluidide { N ‐[2,4‐Dimethyl‐5‐[[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide} at 0.03 kg ha −1 applied at Feekes‐Large growth stage 5 decreased yield by 43%. But CCC 1(2‐chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] at 3.37 kg ha −1 applied at growth stage 5 did not affect yields, and ethephon [(2‐Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] applied at growth stage 9 had no effect on yield when applied at 0.28 kg ha −1 , but decreased yield 6% when applied at 0.56 kg ha −1 . A significant cultivar ✕ treatment interaction resulted from differential cultivar sensitivity to mefluidide injury and to yield reduction caused by ethephon. While most PGR treatments were quite effective in decreasing plant height and lodging, these favorable results must be weighed against occasional yield decreases, especially when used on certain cultivars and under less favorable conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Doubling nitrogen decreased wheat yield by 12%.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Increasing the N rate from 84 to 168 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- average yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Comparator
- 84e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the N rate from 84 to 168 kg ha −1 decreased average yield by 12%”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Mefluidide at growth stage 5 decreased yield by 43%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- Feekes‐Large growth stage 5e0
- Treatment
- Mefluidide { N ‐[2,4‐Dimethyl‐5‐[[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide} at 0.03 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 43%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mefluidide { N ‐[2,4‐Dimethyl‐5‐[[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide} at 0.03 kg ha −1 applied at Feekes‐Large growth stage 5 decreased yield by 43%”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CCC did not affect yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- growth stage 5e0
- Treatment
- CCC 1(2‐chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] at 3.37 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCC 1(2‐chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] at 3.37 kg ha −1 applied at growth stage 5 did not affect yields”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon at 0.28 kg ha −1 had no yield effect.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ethephon [(2‐Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] applied at growth stage 9e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- had no effecte0
- Value
- 0.28 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethephon [(2‐Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] applied at growth stage 9 had no effect on yield when applied at 0.28 kg ha −1”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon at 0.56 kg ha −1 decreased yield by 6%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 0.56 kg ha −1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased yield 6% when applied at 0.56 kg ha −1”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars differed significantly in sensitivity to mefluidide injury and ethephon yield reduction.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- cultivare0
- Outcome
- cultivar sensitivity to mefluidide injury and to yield reduction caused by ethephone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant cultivar ✕ treatment interaction resulted from differential cultivar sensitivity to mefluidide injury and to yield reduction caused by ethephon”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Most growth regulator treatments reduced height and lodging.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- PGR treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant height and lodginge0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most PGR treatments were quite effective in decreasing plant height and lodging”
t0“winter wheat”
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