Abstract
A study was conducted during 2000-03 to study the effects of tillage and soil moisture conservation practices on the productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and soil properties under rainfed condition in a sandy clay loam soil. Among tillage treatments deep summer ploughing, followed by 2 harrowing was found superior with respect to plant stand, branches/plant, plant height, yield attributes and yields as compared to zero tillage. Application of foliage mulch @ 5 and 7.5 tonnes/ha with or without jalshakti recorded significantly higher values of growth and yield attributes under deep summer ploughing, followed by 2 harrowing or only 3 harrowing compared with the other treatment combinations. Application of foliage mulch @ 5 tonnes/ha or jalshakti did not increase grain yield when they were not applied in combination. Application of 7.5 tonnes foliage mulch/ha + 2.5 kg jalshakti/ha gave significantly higher grain yields (1.68 to 1.80 tonnes/ha) at all the tillage levels compared with the other treatment combinations, however, it was at par with 5.0 tonnes foliage mulch /ha + 5.0 kg jalshakti /ha applied with either zero tillage ( 1.67 tonnes/ha) or with summer deep ploughing, followed by 2 harrowings (1.71 tonnes/ha). Application of 7.5 tonnes/ha foliage mulch with 2.5 kg/ha jalshakti in zero tillage gave higher net returns (Rs 10 181/ha) but the B:C ratio (0.91 was highest with the application of 5.0 tonnes/ha foliage mulch and 5.0 kg/ha,jalshakti in zero tillage. After 3 years zero tillage lowered soil pH and bulk density and improved the soil organic C and available N. Higher values of infiltration rates (13.8 mm/hr) and available P (15.0 %) were recorded from deep summer ploughing, followed by 2 harrowings. Among moisture conservation practices application of foliage mulch @ 7.5 and 5 tonnes/ha with or without jalshakti was better than other practices because it improved soil properties, like reduced pH (7.1 to 6.7) and bulk density (1.55 to 1.40 g/cc) and increased values of porosity (43.5 to 51.3 %), infiltration rate (7.5 to 15.6 mm/hr), organic carbon (0.46 to 0.71 %), available N(173.7 to 268.1 kg/ha), P(9.8 to 16.7 kg/ha) and K(214.2 to 257.2 kg/ha) and exchangeable Mg (0.08 to 0.10%) compared with their initial values
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Deep summer ploughing and two harrowings improved stand, growth, yield attributes and yields versus zero tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- deep summer ploughing, followed by 2 harrowinge0
- Outcome
- plant stand, branches/plant, plant heighte0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- zero tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deep summer ploughing, followed by 2 harrowing was found superior with respect to plant stand, branches/plant, plant height, yield attributes and yields as compared to zero tillage.”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliage mulch at 5 or 7.5 tonnes per hectare improved growth and yield attributes in specified tillage combinations.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- foliage mulch @ 5 and 7.5 tonnes/ha with or without jalshaktie0
- Outcome
- growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatment combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of foliage mulch @ 5 and 7.5 tonnes/ha with or without jalshakti recorded significantly higher values of growth and yield attributes under deep summer ploughing, followed by 2 harrowing or only 3 harrowing compared with the other treatment combinations.”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch alone or jalshakti alone did not increase grain yield.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- foliage mulch @ 5 tonnes/ha or jalshaktie0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of foliage mulch @ 5 tonnes/ha or jalshakti did not increase grain yield when they were not applied in combination.”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 7.5-tonne mulch and 2.5-kg jalshakti combination gave higher grain yields.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- 7.5 tonnes foliage mulch/ha + 2.5 kg jalshakti/hae0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.68 to 1.80 tonnes/hae0
- Comparator
- other treatment combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 7.5 tonnes foliage mulch/ha + 2.5 kg jalshakti/ha gave significantly higher grain yields (1.68 to 1.80 tonnes/ha) at all the tillage levels compared with the other treatment combinations”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 5-tonne mulch and 5-kg jalshakti combination yielded comparably under zero tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Outcome
- at pare0
- Value
- 1.67 tonnes/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was at par with 5.0 tonnes foliage mulch /ha + 5.0 kg jalshakti /ha applied with either zero tillage ( 1.67 tonnes/ha) or with summer deep ploughing, followed by 2 harrowings (1.71 tonnes/ha).”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The zero-tillage mulch and jalshakti combination gave higher net returns.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs 10 181/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 7.5 tonnes/ha foliage mulch with 2.5 kg/ha jalshakti in zero tillage gave higher net returns (Rs 10 181/ha)”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 5-tonne mulch and 5-kg jalshakti zero-tillage combination had the highest benefit-cost ratio.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.91e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B:C ratio (0.91 was highest with the application of 5.0 tonnes/ha foliage mulch and 5.0 kg/ha,jalshakti in zero tillage.”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage reduced soil pH and bulk density after three years.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil pH and bulk densitye0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 years zero tillage lowered soil pH and bulk density and improved the soil organic C and available N.”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage improved soil organic carbon and available nitrogen.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil organic C and available Ne0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 years zero tillage lowered soil pH and bulk density and improved the soil organic C and available N.”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep ploughing and two harrowings gave higher infiltration rate.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Outcome
- infiltration ratese0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 13.8 mm/hre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of infiltration rates (13.8 mm/hr) and available P (15.0 %) were recorded from deep summer ploughing, followed by 2 harrowings.”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep ploughing and two harrowings gave higher available phosphorus.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinume1
- Outcome
- available Pe0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 15.0 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher values of infiltration rates (13.8 mm/hr) and available P (15.0 %) were recorded from deep summer ploughing, followed by 2 harrowings.”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · growth · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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See all 21 papers →tillage · soil: chemistry · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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- positive
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See all 5 papers →mulching · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results agree
17 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.