Abstract
Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage practices and potassium levels on growth, yield and yield components of chickpea, at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan, in winter 2015-16. The experimental results exhibited that among tillage practices deep tillage significantly affected weed density (438 m -2 ), weeds dry weight (6.4 g m -2 ), weeds fresh weight (13.5 g m -2 ), nodules weight (1.15 g plant -1 ), plant height (83.3 cm), number of branches plant -1 (11), days to maturity (196), grain yield (1447 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (4155 kg ha -1 ) and harvest index (37.5 %), however days to emergence, emergence m -2 , days to 50 % flowering, number of nodules, number of pods plant -1 , grains pod -1 , pods m -2 were non-significantly affected by tillage practice. The minimum grain yield and other yield related characters were observed in shallow tillage practice. Potassium had significant impact on number of nodules (16.0 plant -1 ), nodules weight (1.10 g plant -1 ), plant height (81.3 cm), number of pods plant -1 (33.5), pods m -2 (837), days to maturity (196), 100 grain weight (25.3 g), grain yield (1483 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (4244 kg ha -1 ) and harvest index (37.6 %),whereas days to emergence, emergence m -2 , weed density, weeds dry weight, weeds fresh weight, number of branches plant -1 , days to 50 % flowering were not significantly affected. The interaction between tillage practices and potassium levels was significant for only 50 % flowering while non-significant for the rest of parameters. Thus it is concluded from the experiment that deep tillage performed better as compared with shallow and medium deep tillage practices in terms of yield and yield components. Potassium application at the rate of 60 kg ha -1 improved growth and productivity in Peshawar region.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practice significantly affected weed density, 438 m-2 under deep tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- weed densitye2
- Value
- 438 m -2e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“deep tillage significantly affected”
e2“weed density (438 m -2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practice significantly affected weeds dry weight (6.4 g m-2) and weeds fresh weight (13.5 g m-2) under deep tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- weeds dry weighte2
- Value
- 6.4 g m -2e2
- Qualifier
- weeds fresh weight (13.5 g m -2 )e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“deep tillage significantly affected”
e2“weeds dry weight (6.4 g m -2 ), weeds fresh weight (13.5 g m -2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practice significantly affected nodules weight, 1.15 g plant-1 under deep tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- nodules weighte2
- Value
- 1.15 g plant -1e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“deep tillage significantly affected”
e2“nodules weight (1.15 g plant -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practice significantly affected plant height, 83.3 cm under deep tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Value
- 83.3 cme2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“deep tillage significantly affected”
e2“plant height (83.3 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practice significantly affected number of branches per plant (11) and days to maturity (196) under deep tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- number of branches plant -1e2
- Value
- 11e2
- Qualifier
- days to maturity (196)e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“deep tillage significantly affected”
e2“number of branches plant -1 (11), days to maturity (196)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practice significantly affected grain yield, 1447 kg ha-1 under deep tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Value
- 1447 kg ha -1e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“deep tillage significantly affected”
e2“grain yield (1447 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practice significantly affected biological yield (4155 kg ha-1) and harvest index (37.5 %) under deep tillage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- biological yielde2
- Value
- 4155 kg ha -1e2
- Qualifier
- harvest index (37.5 %)e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“deep tillage significantly affected”
e2“biological yield (4155 kg ha -1 ) and harvest index (37.5 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage practice did not significantly affect days to emergence, emergence m-2, days to 50% flowering, number of nodules, pods per plant, grains per pod or pods m-2.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- tillage practicee1
- Outcome
- days to emergencee1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- emergence m -2 , days to 50 % flowering, number of nodules, number of pods plant -1 , grains pod -1 , pods m -2e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“days to emergence, emergence m -2 , days to 50 % flowering, number of nodules, number of pods plant -1 , grains pod -1 , pods m -2 were non-significantly affected by tillage practice”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium had a significant impact on days to maturity (196).
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassiume1
- Outcome
- days to maturitye2
- Value
- 196e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium had significant impact on”
e2“pods m -2 (837), days to maturity (196)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium had a significant impact on number of nodules, 16.0 plant-1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassiume1
- Outcome
- number of nodulese2
- Value
- 16.0 plant -1e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium had significant impact on”
e2“number of nodules (16.0 plant -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium had a significant impact on nodules weight, 1.10 g plant-1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassiume1
- Outcome
- nodules weighte2
- Value
- 1.10 g plant -1e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium had significant impact on”
e2“nodules weight (1.10 g plant -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium had a significant impact on plant height, 81.3 cm.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassiume1
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Value
- 81.3 cme2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium had significant impact on”
e2“plant height (81.3 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium had a significant impact on number of pods per plant (33.5) and pods m-2 (837).
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassiume1
- Outcome
- number of pods plant -1e2
- Value
- 33.5e2
- Qualifier
- pods m -2 (837)e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium had significant impact on”
e2“number of pods plant -1 (33.5), pods m -2 (837)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium had a significant impact on 100 grain weight, 25.3 g.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassiume1
- Outcome
- 100 grain weighte2
- Value
- 25.3 ge2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium had significant impact on”
e2“100 grain weight (25.3 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium had a significant impact on grain yield, 1483 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassiume1
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Value
- 1483 kg ha -1e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium had significant impact on”
e2“grain yield (1483 kg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium had a significant impact on biological yield (4244 kg ha-1) and harvest index (37.6 %).
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassiume1
- Outcome
- biological yielde2
- Value
- 4244 kg ha -1e2
- Qualifier
- harvest index (37.6 %)e2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium had significant impact on”
e2“biological yield (4244 kg ha -1 ) and harvest index (37.6 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium did not significantly affect days to emergence, emergence m-2, weed density, weeds dry and fresh weight, branches per plant or days to 50% flowering.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassiume1
- Outcome
- days to emergencee2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Qualifier
- emergence m -2 , weed density, weeds dry weight, weeds fresh weight, number of branches plant -1 , days to 50 % floweringe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium had significant impact on”
e2“days to emergence, emergence m -2 , weed density, weeds dry weight, weeds fresh weight, number of branches plant -1 , days to 50 % flowering were not significantly affected”
Claim · model-written summary
The tillage by potassium interaction was significant only for 50 % flowering and non-significant for the other parameters.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- interaction between tillage practices and potassium levelse1
- Outcome
- 50 % floweringe1
- Qualifier
- non-significant for the rest of parameterse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“The interaction between tillage practices and potassium levels was significant for only 50 % flowering while non-significant for the rest of parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that deep tillage performed better than shallow and medium deep tillage in terms of yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- deep tillagee1
- Outcome
- yield and yield componentse1
- Direction
- performed bettere1
- Comparator
- shallow and medium deep tillage practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“deep tillage performed better as compared with shallow and medium deep tillage practices in terms of yield and yield components”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that potassium at 60 kg ha-1 improved growth and productivity in the Peshawar region.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Potassium application at the rate of 60 kg ha -1e1
- Outcome
- growth and productivitye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Setting
- Peshawar regione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“Potassium application at the rate of 60 kg ha -1 improved growth and productivity in Peshawar region”
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