Abstract
Citrus green mold (Penicillium digitatum) causes economic losses. Chemical fungicides such as imazalil provide the primary means for controlling green mold decay of citrus fruits. Continuous use of fungicides has faced two major obstacles- increasing public concern regarding contamination of perishables with fungicidal residues, and proliferation of resistance in the pathogen populations. The aim of this research was to determine if the attacks of green mold on orange could be reduced by usage of biocontrol agent alone or in combination with low dosage of imazalil or sodium bicarbonate. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate PN, P. fluorescens isolate PS and Trichoderma virens isolate TE were evaluated as potential biological agents for control of green mold of oranges caused by P. digitatum. Increasing concentration of SB decreased spore germination of P. digitatum. In laboratory tests, a cell suspension (10(8) cells per ml.) of bacterial strains reduced the incidence of green mold. On fruits surface biocontrol activity of antagonistic isolates was significantly increased when combined with low dosage of imazalil (500ppm) or sodium carbonate (5%). Effect of Trichoderma virens on controlling P. digitatum was better than others with or without these chemicals.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing sodium bicarbonate concentration reduced P. digitatum spore germination.
- Treatment
- SBe0
- Interactor
- P. digitatum
Penicillium digitatume0pathogen - Outcome
- spore germination of P. digitatume0
- Direction
- decreasede0
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing concentration of SB decreased spore germination of P. digitatum”
e1“sodium bicarbonate”
t0“citrus green mold”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial cell suspensions reduced orange green mold incidence in laboratory tests.
- Taxon
- orangese2
- Treatment
- a cell suspension (10(8) cells per ml.) of bacterial strainse0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- incidence of green molde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- laboratory testse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In laboratory tests, a cell suspension (10(8) cells per ml.) of bacterial strains reduced the incidence of green mold”
e1“Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate PN, P. fluorescens isolate PS”
e2“green mold of oranges caused by P. digitatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining antagonistic isolates with 500ppm imazalil significantly increased biocontrol activity on fruit surfaces.
- Taxon
- orangese1
- Treatment
- low dosage of imazalil (500ppm)e0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- biocontrol activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On fruits surface biocontrol activity of antagonistic isolates was significantly increased when combined with low dosage of imazalil (500ppm) or sodium carbonate (5%)”
e1“green mold of oranges caused by P. digitatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining antagonistic isolates with 5% sodium carbonate significantly increased biocontrol activity on fruit surfaces.
- Taxon
- orangese1
- Treatment
- sodium carbonate (5%)e0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- biocontrol activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On fruits surface biocontrol activity of antagonistic isolates was significantly increased when combined with low dosage of imazalil (500ppm) or sodium carbonate (5%)”
e1“green mold of oranges caused by P. digitatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens controlled P. digitatum better than the other antagonists with or without chemicals.
- Taxon
- orangese1
- Treatment
- Trichoderma virense0
- Interactor
- P. digitatumPenicillium digitatume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma virensTrichoderma virense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- controlling P. digitatume0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Effect of Trichoderma virens on controlling P. digitatum was better than others with or without these chemicals”
e1“green mold of oranges caused by P. digitatum”
The same questions in other papers
sodium carbonate · Penicillium digitatum · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
enilconazole · Penicillium digitatum · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
inoculation · Penicillium digitatum · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.