Abstract
First year survival and growth of several hardwood tree species planted with herbaceous vegetation on recently mined areas where soil, lime, and fertilizers were used at five locations throughout the bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania is discussed. In one study begun in 1978, five tree species (Robinia pseudacaia, Quercus rubra, Liriodendron tulipifera, Populus robusta, and Juglans nigra) were planted in vegetated and non-vegetated plots. Survival was good for all species except Populus robusta, which failed due to poor quality stock. Height growth of Robinia pseudoacacia was good, all other species were poor. In another study in 1978, herbaceous competition was evaluated using three grass-legume mixtures (Lotus corniculatus L. with either Festuca arundinacea L., Eragrostis curvula L.), seeded at two rates, and using two herbicides on an area with a previously established cover. No significant differences occurred between herbaceous covers in survival and first year height growth of the two species (Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus rubra) used. In a third study begun in 1979, eight tree species (the five already mentioned plus Alnus gluthosa, Acer saccharum, and Fraxinus americana) were planted in non-seeded plots and in plots seeded with two different mixtures (Festuca arundinacea L. with either Lotus corniculatus or Cornillamore » varia L.). Early survival was good for all species.« less
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Survival was good for planted species other than Populus robusta.
Verbatim
e0“Survival was good for all species except Populus robusta, which failed due to poor quality stock”
t0“hardwood tree seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Populus robusta failed because of poor stock quality.
- Taxon
- Populus robusta
Populus ×canadensise0 - Outcome
- failede0
- Qualifier
- poor quality stocke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populus robusta, which failed due to poor quality stock”
Claim · model-written summary
Robinia pseudoacacia had good height growth.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacaciae0 - Outcome
- Height growthe0
- Direction
- goode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Height growth of Robinia pseudoacacia was good, all other species were poor”
Claim · model-written summary
Other planted species had poor height growth.
Verbatim
e0“Height growth of Robinia pseudoacacia was good, all other species were poor”
t0“hardwood tree seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbaceous covers did not significantly differ in Robinia pseudoacacia survival and first-year height growth.
- Taxon
- Robinia pseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciae0
- Treatment
- herbaceous coverse0
- Interactor
- herbaceous coverse0weed
- Outcome
- survival and first year height growthe0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
- Comparator
- herbaceous coverse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences occurred between herbaceous covers in survival and first year height growth of the two species (Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus rubra) used”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbaceous covers did not significantly differ in Quercus rubra survival and first-year height growth.
- Taxon
- Quercus rubra
_(14092717698).jpg?width=60)
Quercus rubrae0 - Treatment
- herbaceous coverse0
- Interactor
- herbaceous coverse0weed
- Outcome
- survival and first year height growthe0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
- Comparator
- herbaceous coverse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(14092717698).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences occurred between herbaceous covers in survival and first year height growth of the two species (Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus rubra) used”
Claim · model-written summary
Early survival was good for all eight species in the third study.
Verbatim
e0“Early survival was good for all species”
t0“hardwood tree seedlings”