Abstract
Aboveground plant responses to elevated CO[sub 2] concentration are well documented. However, very little is known about crop root responses to CO[sub 2] enrichment, especially under field environments. This study evaluates the effects of increased serial CO[sub 2] concentration on root systems of a C[sub 3] [soybean (Glycine max (L>) Merr.)] and C[sub 4] [sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.)] crop. Plants were grown in open top field chambers under two levels of CO[sub 2]. Root systems were sampled at physiological maturity by uprooting the plant from the soil while concurrently measuring vertical pull resistance. Root variables (length, dry weight, and tissue density), except for number of roots, were significantly increased under elevated CO[sub 2]. The positive effects of extra CO[sub 2] on soybean roots partitioned into taproot and lateral roots were similar to patterns previously described. The number of soybean nodules increased under CO[sub 2]-enriched conditions, but no effect on nodule dry weight was seen. Elevated CO[sub 2] increased root dry weight more so than root length. The larger root systems observed under CO[sub 2] enrichment was reflected in an overall increase in vertical pull resistance. Several root variables exhibited significant CO[sub 2] X species interactions (except root number) withmore » differences between CO[sub 2] levels seen with sorghum. Fine root data obtained from soil cores (30 cm) also showed that extra CO[sub 2] influenced root dry weight density more so than root length density. Under elevated CO[sub 2] conditions, root dry weight density more so than root tissue density values tended to be greater in the top 15 cm of the soil profile, but not lower in the profile (i.e., 15-30 cm). The fine root data exhibited few CO[sub 2] X species interactions. Results from this study indicate that additional atmospheric C[sub 2] will affect crop root systems.« less
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO[sub 2] significantly increased root length, dry weight and tissue density, except root number.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- elevated CO[sub 2]e0
- Outcome
- Root variables (length, dry weight, and tissue density)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root variables (length, dry weight, and tissue density), except for number of roots, were significantly increased under elevated CO[sub 2].”
t0“soybean and sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO[sub 2] increased soybean nodule number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- CO[sub 2]-enriched conditionse0
- Outcome
- number of soybean nodulese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of soybean nodules increased under CO[sub 2]-enriched conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO[sub 2] had no effect on soybean nodule dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- CO[sub 2]-enriched conditionse0
- Outcome
- nodule dry weighte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of soybean nodules increased under CO[sub 2]-enriched conditions, but no effect on nodule dry weight was seen.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO[sub 2] increased root dry weight more than root length.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Elevated CO[sub 2]e0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- root lengthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated CO[sub 2] increased root dry weight more so than root length.”
t0“soybean and sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO[sub 2] increased vertical pull resistance.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CO[sub 2] enrichmente0
- Outcome
- vertical pull resistancee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The larger root systems observed under CO[sub 2] enrichment was reflected in an overall increase in vertical pull resistance.”
t0“soybean and sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Several root variables showed CO[sub 2] by species interactions, with greater differences between CO[sub 2] levels in sorghum.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several root variables exhibited significant CO[sub 2] X species interactions (except root number) withmore » differences between CO[sub 2] levels seen with sorghum.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra CO[sub 2] influenced fine root dry weight density more than root length density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- extra CO[sub 2]e0
- Outcome
- root dry weight densitye0
- Comparator
- root length densitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extra CO[sub 2] influenced root dry weight density more so than root length density”
t0“soybean and sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Under elevated CO[sub 2], root dry weight density tended to be greater in the top 15 cm, but not lower soil profile.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- root dry weight densitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Setting
- top 15 cm of the soil profilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under elevated CO[sub 2] conditions, root dry weight density more so than root tissue density values tended to be greater in the top 15 cm of the soil profile, but not lower in the profile (i.e., 15-30 cm).”
t0“soybean and sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine root measures showed few CO[sub 2] by species interactions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- few CO[sub 2] X species interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fine root data exhibited few CO[sub 2] X species interactions.”
t0“soybean and sorghum”