Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress in plant agriculture which reduces seed germination, vegetative growth, and flowering, and limits crop productivity world-wide. Salinity causes water deficit, ion toxicity, and nutrient deficiency in plants, which can result in cellular damage, growth reduction, and even death. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates; however it has relatively poor salt-tolerance. Thus the development of Kentucky bluegrass genotypes with increased salt tolerance is of interest to turf breeders. One impediment to selection towards this goal is finding an efficient and accurate method to evaluate the salt tolerance. The objective of this study was to examine physiological responses to salt stress and to evaluate the genetic diversity among the accessions used in the research. Salt-tolerant accessions PI371768 (768) and PI440603 (603) and salt-sensitive varieties Midnight and Baron were exposed to four levels of salinity imposed by irrigating with salt solutions of 0 dS m-1 (control), 6 dS m-1, 12 dS m-1, and 18 dS m-1 or 24 dS m-1. Soil salinity was measured using Acclima Digital TDT sensors and grass response to the stress was measured using turf quality ratings, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential and electrolyte leakage. In general, turfgrass quality, stomatal conductance, and leaf water potential decreased while electrolyte leakage increased under salinity stress. Midnight and Baron exhibited greater changes in these measurements, indicating more sensitivity compared to 768 and 603. The 6 dS m-1 treatment had little effect on the salt-tolerant accessions. Salt tolerance of 603 and 768 was confirmed and likewise, salt sensitivity of Baron and Midnight was confirmed. The genetic similarity of all cultivars used in this study was very high. All of the evaluation measurements were highly correlated, with water potential and electrolyte leakage being the most reliable and accurate methods due to the low standard deviations. Due to more repeatable methods and less user error, electrolyte leakage and turfgrass quality are recommended methods for screening salt tolerance of turfgrasses.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity stress, turfgrass quality, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential decreased.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrass
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Poa pratensise1 - Treatment
- salinity stresse2
- Outcome
- turfgrass quality, stomatal conductance, and leaf water potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 0 dS m-1 (control)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In general, turfgrass quality, stomatal conductance, and leaf water potential decreased”
e1“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates”
e2“electrolyte leakage increased under salinity stress”
e3“salt solutions of 0 dS m-1 (control), 6 dS m-1, 12 dS m-1, and 18 dS m-1 or 24 dS m-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salinity stress, electrolyte leakage increased.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Treatment
- salinity stresse2
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- 0 dS m-1 (control)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates”
e2“electrolyte leakage increased under salinity stress”
e3“salt solutions of 0 dS m-1 (control), 6 dS m-1, 12 dS m-1, and 18 dS m-1 or 24 dS m-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Midnight and Baron showed greater changes in the measurements than 768 and 603, indicating more salt sensitivity.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Material
- Midnight and Barone4
- Outcome
- changes in these measurementse4
- Direction
- greatere4
- Comparator
- 768 and 603e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates”
e4“Midnight and Baron exhibited greater changes in these measurements, indicating more sensitivity compared to 768 and 603”
Claim · model-written summary
The 6 dS m-1 salinity treatment had little effect on the salt-tolerant accessions.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Material
- salt-tolerant accessionse5
- Treatment
- 6 dS m-1 treatmente5
- Outcome
- effect on the salt-tolerant accessionse5
- Direction
- little effecte5
- Comparator
- 0 dS m-1 (control)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates”
e3“salt solutions of 0 dS m-1 (control), 6 dS m-1, 12 dS m-1, and 18 dS m-1 or 24 dS m-1”
e5“The 6 dS m-1 treatment had little effect on the salt-tolerant accessions”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance of accessions 603 and 768 was confirmed.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Material
- 603 and 768e6
- Outcome
- Salt tolerancee6
- Qualifier
- confirmede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates”
e6“Salt tolerance of 603 and 768 was confirmed”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt sensitivity of Baron and Midnight was confirmed.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Material
- Baron and Midnighte7
- Outcome
- salt sensitivitye7
- Qualifier
- confirmede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates”
e7“salt sensitivity of Baron and Midnight was confirmed”
Claim · model-written summary
The genetic similarity of all cultivars used in the study was very high.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Outcome
- genetic similarity of all cultivarse7
- Qualifier
- very highe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates”
e7“The genetic similarity of all cultivars used in this study was very high”
Claim · model-written summary
All evaluation measurements were highly correlated.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Outcome
- evaluation measurementse2
- Qualifier
- highly correlatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates”
e2“All of the evaluation measurements were highly correlated”
Claim · model-written summary
Water potential and electrolyte leakage were the most reliable and accurate methods for screening salt stress in this study.
- Taxon
- Kentucky bluegrassPoa pratensise1
- Outcome
- water potential and electrolyte leakagee2
- Value
- most reliable and accuratee2
- Qualifier
- low standard deviationse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season species in cool-arid climates”
e2“with water potential and electrolyte leakage being the most reliable and accurate methods due to the low standard deviations”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrolyte leakage and turfgrass quality are recommended for screening salt tolerance of turfgrasses.
Verbatim
e2“electrolyte leakage and turfgrass quality are recommended methods for screening salt tolerance of turfgrasses”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: gas exchange · Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · physiology: oxidative · Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.