Abstract
Pruning, including summer pruning, of apples can have a positive impact on disease management in two basic ways: through removal of dead tissue and inoculum, and through alteration of the canopy microclimate. Summer pruning can also increase diseases if it is done when disease risk is high. However summer pruning is used almost exclusively as a horticultural tool to improve fruit quantity and quality. As orchard planting and training systems have moved from semi-dwarf trees to high-density, fully-dwarf trees, very few summer pruning studies have looked at impacts related to disease, yet summer pruning in high-density systems may have important disease management effects. Growers should avoid summer pruning practices which will increase disease risks, and use those that offer both horticultural and disease management benefits. More research in this area is needed, as cultural components of apple disease management will become increasingly important in sustainable production systems. This review looks at important apple diseases, including apple scab, fire blight, sooty blotch and flyspeck, black rot, white rot, Nectria canker and powdery mildew, and uses dormant pruning studies plus knowledge of the epidemiology of the diseases to suggest ways that summer pruning would be expected to impact disease management.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning can improve apple disease management through removal of dead tissue and inoculum.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- Pruning, including summer pruninge0
- Outcome
- positive impact on disease managemente0
- Qualifier
- removal of dead tissue and inoculume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pruning, including summer pruning, of apples can have a positive impact on disease management in two basic ways: through removal of dead tissue and inoculum, and through alteration of the canopy microclimate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning can improve apple disease management through altering canopy microclimate.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Pruning, including summer pruninge0
- Outcome
- positive impact on disease managemente0
- Qualifier
- alteration of the canopy microclimatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pruning, including summer pruning, of apples can have a positive impact on disease management in two basic ways: through removal of dead tissue and inoculum, and through alteration of the canopy microclimate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Summer pruning can increase apple disease when disease risk is high.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Summer pruninge0
- Outcome
- diseasese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- when disease risk is highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Summer pruning can also increase diseases if it is done when disease risk is high.”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers should avoid summer pruning that increases disease risks and use practices with horticultural and disease benefits.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- avoid summer pruning practices which will increase disease risks, and use those that offer both horticultural and disease management benefitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growers should avoid summer pruning practices which will increase disease risks, and use those that offer both horticultural and disease management benefits.”
t0“apple”