Abstract
Leaf thionins of barley have been identified as a novel class of cell wall proteins, toxic to plant pathogenic fungi, and possibly involved in the defense mechanism of plants (Bohlmann, H., Clausen, S., Behnke, S., Giese, H., Hiller, C., Reimann-Philipp, U., Schrader, G., Barkholt, V., and Apel, K., (1988) EMBO J. 7, 1559-1565). In the present work a second subfraction of thionins has been detected within the leaf cell, mainly in the vacuole. Thionins of both groups are closely related to each other. They are toxic to phytopathogenic fungi as well as to plant protoplasts, they share similar amino acid sequences, and their synthesis in etiolated seedlings of barley is down-regulated by light. Despite these similarities each of the two subfractions of thionins could be clearly distinguished by its subcellular distribution. In ultrathin sections of embedded etiolated leaf material, cell wall thionins could be immunogold labeled specifically by an antiserum raised against a fusion protein of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase and the 15,000 Mr precursor polypeptide of thionins. This antiserum did not react with intracellular thionins. Inversely, intracellular thionins were recognized specifically by an anti-serum raised against soluble leaf thionins. The possible function of intracellular thionins as part of a defense mechanism has been discussed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A second subfraction of thionins was detected mainly in the vacuole of barley leaf cells.
- Taxon
- Barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Organ / stage
- leaf celle1
- Gene
- thioninse1
- Outcome
- second subfraction of thioninse1
- Qualifier
- mainly in the vacuolee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Intracellular Thionins of Barley”
e1“In the present work a second subfraction of thionins has been detected within the leaf cell, mainly in the vacuole”
Claim · model-written summary
Thionins are toxic to phytopathogenic fungi.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Interactor
- phytopathogenic fungie2pathogen
- Outcome
- toxice2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Intracellular Thionins of Barley”
e2“They are toxic to phytopathogenic fungi as well as to plant protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Thionins are toxic to plant protoplasts.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- plant protoplastse2
- Outcome
- toxice2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Intracellular Thionins of Barley”
e2“They are toxic to phytopathogenic fungi as well as to plant protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Light down-regulates thionin synthesis in etiolated barley seedlings.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree3
- Organ / stage
- etiolated seedlingse3
- Treatment
- lighte3
- Outcome
- synthesise3
- Direction
- down-regulatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“their synthesis in etiolated seedlings of barley is down-regulated by light”
Claim · model-written summary
Both thionin subfractions share similar amino acid sequences.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- amino acid sequencese4
- Qualifier
- similare4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Intracellular Thionins of Barley”
e4“they share similar amino acid sequences”
Claim · model-written summary
The two thionin subfractions are clearly distinguished by their subcellular distribution.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- thioninse5
- Outcome
- subcellular distributione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Intracellular Thionins of Barley”
e5“each of the two subfractions of thionins could be clearly distinguished by its subcellular distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell wall thionins in etiolated leaf material could be immunogold labeled specifically by the precursor antiserum.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- etiolated leaf materiale6
- Gene
- cell wall thioninse6
- Outcome
- immunogold labelede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Intracellular Thionins of Barley”
e6“In ultrathin sections of embedded etiolated leaf material, cell wall thionins could be immunogold labeled specifically by an antiserum raised against a fusion protein of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase and the 15,000 Mr precursor polypeptide of thionins”
Claim · model-written summary
The precursor antiserum did not react with intracellular thionins.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- intracellular thioninse7
- Outcome
- did not reacte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Intracellular Thionins of Barley”
e7“This antiserum did not react with intracellular thionins”
Claim · model-written summary
Intracellular thionins were recognized specifically by an antiserum raised against soluble leaf thionins.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Gene
- intracellular thioninse1
- Outcome
- recognized specificallye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Intracellular Thionins of Barley”
e1“Inversely, intracellular thionins were recognized specifically by an anti-serum raised against soluble leaf thionins”