Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of six plant extracts from Ocimum basilicum (Sweat Basil), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Eucalyptus chamadulonsis (Eucalyptus), Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed), Nerium oleander (Oleander), and Allium sativum (Garlic) was tested for controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study the leaf extracts of D. stramonium, A. indica, and A. sativum at 5% concentration caused the highest reduction of mycelial growth of A. solani (44.4, 43.3 and 42.2%, respectively), while O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration and N. oleander at 5% concentration caused the lowest inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen. In greenhouse experiments the highest reduction of disease severity was achieved by the extracts of A. sativum at 5% concentration and D. stramonium at 1% and 5% concentration. The greatest reduction of disease severity was achieved by A. sativum at 5% concentration and the smallest reduction was obtained when tomato plants were treated with O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration (46.1 and 45.2 %, respectively). D. stramonium and A. sativum at 5% concentration increased the fruit yield by 76.2% and 66.7% compared to the infected control. All treatments with plant extracts significantly reduced the early blight disease as well as increased the yield of tomato compared to the infected control under field conditions.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
D. stramonium extract at 5% gave the highest mycelial growth reduction of A. solani, 44.4%.
- Taxon
- A. solani
Alternaria solanie0 - Treatment
- D. stramoniume0
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of A. solanie0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 44.4e0
- Qualifier
- 5% concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In in vitro study the leaf extracts of D. stramonium, A. indica, and A. sativum at 5% concentration caused the highest reduction of mycelial growth of A. solani (44.4, 43.3 and 42.2%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. indica extract at 5% gave 43.3% mycelial growth reduction of A. solani, among the highest reductions.
- Taxon
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie0
- Treatment
- A. indicae0
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of A. solanie0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 43.3e0
- Qualifier
- 5% concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In in vitro study the leaf extracts of D. stramonium, A. indica, and A. sativum at 5% concentration caused the highest reduction of mycelial growth of A. solani (44.4, 43.3 and 42.2%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. sativum extract at 5% gave 42.2% mycelial growth reduction of A. solani, among the highest reductions.
- Taxon
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie0
- Treatment
- A. sativume0
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of A. solanie0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 42.2%e0
- Qualifier
- 5% concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In in vitro study the leaf extracts of D. stramonium, A. indica, and A. sativum at 5% concentration caused the highest reduction of mycelial growth of A. solani (44.4, 43.3 and 42.2%, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
O. basilicum at 1% caused among the lowest inhibitions of pathogen mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie1
- Treatment
- O. basilicum at 1%e0
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of the pathogene0
- Direction
- lowest inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration and N. oleander at 5% concentration caused the lowest inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen”
e1“mycelial growth of A. solani”
Claim · model-written summary
O. basilicum at 5% caused among the lowest inhibitions of pathogen mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie1
- Treatment
- O. basilicume0
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of the pathogene0
- Direction
- lowest inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- 5% concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration and N. oleander at 5% concentration caused the lowest inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen”
e1“mycelial growth of A. solani”
Claim · model-written summary
N. oleander at 5% caused among the lowest inhibitions of pathogen mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie1
- Treatment
- N. oleander at 5% concentratione0
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of the pathogene0
- Direction
- lowest inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration and N. oleander at 5% concentration caused the lowest inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen”
e1“mycelial growth of A. solani”
Claim · model-written summary
A. sativum at 5% achieved the highest greenhouse reduction of tomato disease severity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- A. sativum at 5% concentratione0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- highest reductione0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In greenhouse experiments the highest reduction of disease severity was achieved by the extracts of A. sativum at 5% concentration and D. stramonium at 1% and 5% concentration”
t0“tomato”
e1“controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
D. stramonium at 1% achieved among the highest greenhouse reductions of tomato disease severity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- D. stramonium at 1%e0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- highest reductione0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In greenhouse experiments the highest reduction of disease severity was achieved by the extracts of A. sativum at 5% concentration and D. stramonium at 1% and 5% concentration”
t0“tomato”
e1“controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
D. stramonium at 5% achieved among the highest greenhouse reductions of tomato disease severity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- D. stramoniume0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- highest reductione0
- Qualifier
- 5% concentratione0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In greenhouse experiments the highest reduction of disease severity was achieved by the extracts of A. sativum at 5% concentration and D. stramonium at 1% and 5% concentration”
t0“tomato”
e1“controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
O. basilicum at 1% gave the smallest tomato disease severity reduction, 46.1%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- O. basilicum at 1%e0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- smallest reductione0
- Value
- 46.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest reduction of disease severity was achieved by A. sativum at 5% concentration and the smallest reduction was obtained when tomato plants were treated with O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration (46.1 and 45.2 %, respectively)”
e1“controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
O. basilicum at 5% gave the smallest tomato disease severity reduction, 45.2%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- O. basilicume0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- smallest reductione0
- Value
- 45.2 %e0
- Qualifier
- 5% concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest reduction of disease severity was achieved by A. sativum at 5% concentration and the smallest reduction was obtained when tomato plants were treated with O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration (46.1 and 45.2 %, respectively)”
e1“controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
D. stramonium at 5% increased tomato fruit yield by 76.2% over infected controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- D. stramoniume0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 76.2%e0
- Qualifier
- 5% concentratione0
- Comparator
- infected controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D. stramonium and A. sativum at 5% concentration increased the fruit yield by 76.2% and 66.7% compared to the infected control”
t0“tomato”
e1“controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
A. sativum at 5% increased tomato fruit yield by 66.7% over infected controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- A. sativum at 5% concentratione0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 66.7%e0
- Comparator
- infected controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“D. stramonium and A. sativum at 5% concentration increased the fruit yield by 76.2% and 66.7% compared to the infected control”
t0“tomato”
e1“controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
All plant-extract treatments significantly reduced tomato early blight in the field.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- All treatments with plant extractse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- early blight diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- infected controle0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments with plant extracts significantly reduced the early blight disease as well as increased the yield of tomato compared to the infected control under field conditions”
e1“controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
All plant-extract treatments increased tomato yield over infected controls in the field.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- All treatments with plant extractse0
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- yield of tomatoe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- infected controle0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments with plant extracts significantly reduced the early blight disease as well as increased the yield of tomato compared to the infected control under field conditions”
e1“controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo”
The same questions in other papers
Azadirachta indica · disease · Alternaria solaniResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Allium sativum · disease · Alternaria solaniResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Datura stramonium · Alternaria solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Allium sativum · Alternaria solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →botanical · Alternaria solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.