Abstract
Botanical extracts had proved efficient, cost effective and environment friendly means of plant disease management. Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen responsible for early blight resulting in huge economic losses. There is dire need for effective cheap alternatives of conventional health hazardous and expensive chemical control. In this study i n-vitro evaluation of four plant extracts ( Melia azedarach, Cannabis sativa , Achillia millefolium and Datura stramonium ) were used against early blight disease on tomato at 3 different concentrations (10, 15 and 20%) in complete randomized design. Pathogen was isolated from different tomato growing areas of Rawalakot, purified and multiplied on potato dextrose agar (PDA) followed by hyphal tip method. Food poisoned technique was used for fungal growth inhibition. M. azedarach was found most efficient with 73.18% inhibition at 20%, followed by C. sativa, D. stramonium and A. millefolium (55.79%, 37.12% and 31.9% respectively) as compared to control (88.2%). Tomato variety (Roma) was used as experimental material with Completely Randomized Design in the greenhouse experiment. M. azedarach showed highest reduction of early blight disease severity 67.93% at 20% concentration followed by C. sativa , D. stramonium and A. millefolium (53.63%, 43.28%, and 31.78%) respectively while it was 87.3% in control. Study showed that plant extracts could be used as alternatives of highly expensive, health hazardous chemicals to control early blight disease on tomato.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Melia azedarach at 20% was the most efficient extract in vitro, with 73.18% inhibition of Alternaria solani growth compared with control.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume6 - Treatment
- M. azedarache2
- Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanie1pathogen - Outcome
- inhibitione2
- Direction
- most efficiente2
- Value
- 73.18%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen responsible for early blight”
e2“M. azedarach was found most efficient with 73.18% inhibition at 20%, followed by C. sativa, D. stramonium and A. millefolium (55.79%, 37.12% and 31.9% respectively) as compared to control (88.2%)”
e6“against early blight disease on tomato at 3 different concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Cannabis sativa inhibited Alternaria solani growth by 55.79% in vitro, followed by the other extracts.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- C. sativae2
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione2
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Value
- 55.79%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen responsible for early blight”
e2“M. azedarach was found most efficient with 73.18% inhibition at 20%, followed by C. sativa, D. stramonium and A. millefolium (55.79%, 37.12% and 31.9% respectively) as compared to control (88.2%)”
e6“against early blight disease on tomato at 3 different concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Datura stramonium inhibited Alternaria solani growth by 37.12% in vitro, followed by the other extracts.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- D. stramoniume2
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione2
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Value
- 37.12%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen responsible for early blight”
e2“M. azedarach was found most efficient with 73.18% inhibition at 20%, followed by C. sativa, D. stramonium and A. millefolium (55.79%, 37.12% and 31.9% respectively) as compared to control (88.2%)”
e6“against early blight disease on tomato at 3 different concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Achillea millefolium inhibited Alternaria solani growth by 31.9% in vitro, the lowest of the four extracts.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- A. millefoliume2
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitione2
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Value
- 31.9%e2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen responsible for early blight”
e2“M. azedarach was found most efficient with 73.18% inhibition at 20%, followed by C. sativa, D. stramonium and A. millefolium (55.79%, 37.12% and 31.9% respectively) as compared to control (88.2%)”
e6“against early blight disease on tomato at 3 different concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, Melia azedarach at 20% gave the highest reduction of early blight severity on tomato, 67.93%, against 87.3% in control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Material
- Romae3
- Treatment
- M. azedarache4
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- early blight disease severitye4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Value
- 67.93%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen responsible for early blight”
e3“Tomato variety (Roma) was used as experimental material with Completely Randomized Design in the greenhouse experiment”
e4“M. azedarach showed highest reduction of early blight disease severity 67.93% at 20% concentration followed by C. sativa , D. stramonium and A. millefolium (53.63%, 43.28%, and 31.78%) respectively while it was 87.3% in control”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, Cannabis sativa reduced early blight severity on tomato by 53.63%, against 87.3% in control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Material
- Romae3
- Treatment
- C. sativae4
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- early blight disease severitye4
- Direction
- followed bye4
- Value
- 53.63%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen responsible for early blight”
e3“Tomato variety (Roma) was used as experimental material with Completely Randomized Design in the greenhouse experiment”
e4“M. azedarach showed highest reduction of early blight disease severity 67.93% at 20% concentration followed by C. sativa , D. stramonium and A. millefolium (53.63%, 43.28%, and 31.78%) respectively while it was 87.3% in control”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, Datura stramonium reduced early blight severity on tomato by 43.28%, against 87.3% in control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Material
- Romae3
- Treatment
- D. stramoniume4
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- early blight disease severitye4
- Direction
- followed bye4
- Value
- 43.28%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen responsible for early blight”
e3“Tomato variety (Roma) was used as experimental material with Completely Randomized Design in the greenhouse experiment”
e4“M. azedarach showed highest reduction of early blight disease severity 67.93% at 20% concentration followed by C. sativa , D. stramonium and A. millefolium (53.63%, 43.28%, and 31.78%) respectively while it was 87.3% in control”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, Achillea millefolium reduced early blight severity on tomato by 31.78%, against 87.3% in control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Material
- Romae3
- Treatment
- A. millefoliume4
- Interactor
- Alternaria solaniAlternaria solanie1pathogen
- Outcome
- early blight disease severitye4
- Direction
- followed bye4
- Value
- 31.78%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Alternaria solani is a fungal pathogen responsible for early blight”
e3“Tomato variety (Roma) was used as experimental material with Completely Randomized Design in the greenhouse experiment”
e4“M. azedarach showed highest reduction of early blight disease severity 67.93% at 20% concentration followed by C. sativa , D. stramonium and A. millefolium (53.63%, 43.28%, and 31.78%) respectively while it was 87.3% in control”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extracts could be used as alternatives to costly, hazardous chemicals to control early blight on tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Outcome
- control early blight diseasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Study showed that plant extracts could be used as alternatives of highly expensive, health hazardous chemicals to control early blight disease on tomato”
The same questions in other papers
Datura stramonium · Alternaria solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.