Abstract
We have shown that the individual members of the plant gene family for glutamine synthetase (GS) are differentially expressed in vivo, and each encode distinct GS polypeptides which are targeted to different subcellular compartments (chloroplast or cytosol). At the polypeptide level, chloroplast GS (GS2) and cytosolic GS (GS1 and GSn) are distinct and show an organ-specific distribution. We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea. In vitro translation products encoded by three different GS cDNA clones, correspond to the mature GS2, GS1, and GSn polypeptides present in vivo. pGS185 encodes a precursor to the chloroplast GS2 polypeptide as shown by in vitro chloroplast uptake experiments. The pGS185 translation product is imported into the chloroplast stroma and processed to a polypeptide which corresponds in size and charge to that of mature chloroplast stromal GS2 (44 kDa). The 49 amino terminal amino acids encoded by pGS185 are designated as a chloroplast transit peptide by functionality in vitro, and amino acid homology to other transit peptides. The cytosolic forms of GS (GS1 and GSn) are encoded by highly homologous but distinct mRNAs. pGS299 encodes the cytosolic GS1 polypeptide (38 kDa), while pGS341 (Tingey, S. V., Walker, E. L., and Coruzzi, G. M. (1987) EMBO. J. 6, 1-9) encodes a cytosolic GSn polypeptide (37 kDa). The homologous nuclear genes for chloroplast and cytosolic GS show different patterns of expression in vivo. GS2 expression in leaves is modulated by light, at the level of steady state mRNA and protein, while the expression of cytosolic GS is unaffected by light. The light-induced expression of GS2 is due at least in part to a phytochrome mediated response. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicates that chloroplast and cytosolic GS have evolved from a common ancestor and suggest a molecular mechanism for chloroplast evolution.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine synthetase family members of pea encode distinct polypeptides targeted to the chloroplast or the cytosol.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Outcome
- targeted to different subcellular compartmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“each encode distinct GS polypeptides which are targeted to different subcellular compartments (chloroplast or cytosol)”
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplast GS2 and cytosolic GS in pea are distinct and show an organ-specific distribution.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- GS2e2
- Outcome
- organ-specific distributione2
- Qualifier
- cytosolic GS (GS1 and GSn)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e2“At the polypeptide level, chloroplast GS (GS2) and cytosolic GS (GS1 and GSn) are distinct and show an organ-specific distribution”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro translation products of three GS cDNA clones of pea correspond to the mature GS2, GS1 and GSn polypeptides present in vivo.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- GS2, GS1, and GSne3
- Outcome
- correspond to the mature GS2, GS1, and GSn polypeptides present in vivoe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e3“In vitro translation products encoded by three different GS cDNA clones, correspond to the mature GS2, GS1, and GSn polypeptides present in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
The pGS185 clone encodes a precursor to the chloroplast GS2 polypeptide of pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- pGS185e4
- Outcome
- precursor to the chloroplast GS2 polypeptidee4
- Qualifier
- as shown by in vitro chloroplast uptake experimentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e4“pGS185 encodes a precursor to the chloroplast GS2 polypeptide as shown by in vitro chloroplast uptake experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
The pGS185 translation product is imported into the chloroplast stroma of pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- pGS185e5
- Outcome
- imported into the chloroplast stromae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e5“The pGS185 translation product is imported into the chloroplast stroma and processed to a polypeptide which corresponds in size and charge to that of mature chloroplast stromal GS2 (44 kDa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The processed pGS185 polypeptide corresponds in size and charge to mature chloroplast stromal GS2 (44 kDa) of pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- GS2e5
- Outcome
- corresponds in size and charge to that of mature chloroplast stromal GS2e5
- Value
- 44 kDae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e5“The pGS185 translation product is imported into the chloroplast stroma and processed to a polypeptide which corresponds in size and charge to that of mature chloroplast stromal GS2 (44 kDa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 49 amino-terminal amino acids encoded by pGS185 act as a chloroplast transit peptide in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- pGS185e6
- Outcome
- designated as a chloroplast transit peptidee6
- Qualifier
- by functionality in vitro, and amino acid homology to other transit peptidese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e6“The 49 amino terminal amino acids encoded by pGS185 are designated as a chloroplast transit peptide by functionality in vitro, and amino acid homology to other transit peptides”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytosolic GS1 and GSn of pea are encoded by highly homologous but distinct mRNAs.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- GS1 and GSne7
- Outcome
- encoded by highly homologous but distinct mRNAse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e7“The cytosolic forms of GS (GS1 and GSn) are encoded by highly homologous but distinct mRNAs”
Claim · model-written summary
The pGS299 clone encodes the cytosolic GS1 polypeptide (38 kDa) of pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- pGS299e2
- Outcome
- encodes the cytosolic GS1 polypeptidee2
- Value
- 38 kDae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e2“pGS299 encodes the cytosolic GS1 polypeptide (38 kDa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The pGS341 clone encodes a cytosolic GSn polypeptide (37 kDa) of pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- pGS341e3
- Outcome
- encodes a cytosolic GSn polypeptidee3
- Value
- 37 kDae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e3“pGS341 (Tingey, S. V., Walker, E. L., and Coruzzi, G. M. (1987) EMBO. J. 6, 1-9) encodes a cytosolic GSn polypeptide (37 kDa)”
Claim · model-written summary
GS2 expression in pea leaves is modulated by light at the level of steady-state mRNA and protein.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Gene
- GS2e4
- Outcome
- expression in leavese4
- Qualifier
- modulated by light, at the level of steady state mRNA and proteine4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e4“GS2 expression in leaves is modulated by light, at the level of steady state mRNA and protein, while the expression of cytosolic GS is unaffected by light”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of cytosolic GS in pea is unaffected by light.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- lighte4
- Outcome
- the expression of cytosolic GSe4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e4“GS2 expression in leaves is modulated by light, at the level of steady state mRNA and protein, while the expression of cytosolic GS is unaffected by light”
Claim · model-written summary
Light-induced expression of GS2 in pea is due at least in part to a phytochrome-mediated response.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Gene
- GS2e5
- Outcome
- light-induced expression of GS2e5
- Qualifier
- phytochrome mediated responsee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e5“The light-induced expression of GS2 is due at least in part to a phytochrome mediated response”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplast and cytosolic GS of pea have evolved from a common ancestor.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- evolved from a common ancestore6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e6“Nucleotide sequence analysis indicates that chloroplast and cytosolic GS have evolved from a common ancestor and suggest a molecular mechanism for chloroplast evolution”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest a molecular mechanism for chloroplast evolution.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- chloroplast evolutione6
- Qualifier
- a molecular mechanisme6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have characterized full length cDNA clones encoding chloroplast or cytosolic GS of pea”
e6“Nucleotide sequence analysis indicates that chloroplast and cytosolic GS have evolved from a common ancestor and suggest a molecular mechanism for chloroplast evolution”
The same questions in other papers
light · molecular: expression · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.