Abstract
Weed infestation depends on soil diaspore bank, the habitat conditions and the applied agricultural practices. Tillage constitutes one of the agrotechnical factors which significantly influence the condition and the level of weed infestation. In the conducted research, ploughless tillage practice and the application of herbicides considerably increased the number and the air-dry matter of weed populations per 1 m of pea crop compared to plough tillage. It was also established that the number of weeds per 1 m in the first term of weed infestation evaluation (in the phase of third true leaf) exceeded the number of weeds in the second term (ripening of pods and seeds). On the other hand, the air-dry matter of weeds was higher in the second term of evaluation. In addition, analyses revealed a higher number of weed species under the conditions of ploughless tillage (20–22 species) and herbicide application (20 species) than in the conventional tillage system (14–16 species). The predominant species under the conditions of conventional tillage were: Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B. (in the first term of evaluation), and Avena fatua L. and Chenopodium album L. (in the second term). The predominant species in the ploughless tillage were: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (in the first term) as well as Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Love, Avena fatua L. and Galinsoga praviflora Cav. (in the second term). In case of herbicide application, the prevailing species were: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B. and Matricaria inodora L. (in the first term) as well as Matricaria inodora L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B. (in the second term). The reduced tillage increased the number of perennial weeds: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Elymus repens (L.) P.B. and Convolvulus arvensis L.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughless tillage increased the number and air-dry matter of weeds in pea compared with plough tillage.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- ploughless tillage practicee0
- Outcome
- number and the air-dry matter of weed populationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- plough tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e0“ploughless tillage practice and the application of herbicides considerably increased the number and the air-dry matter of weed populations per 1 m of pea crop compared to plough tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application increased the number and air-dry matter of weeds in pea compared with plough tillage.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- application of herbicidese0
- Outcome
- number and the air-dry matter of weed populationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- plough tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e0“ploughless tillage practice and the application of herbicides considerably increased the number and the air-dry matter of weed populations per 1 m of pea crop compared to plough tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of weeds per 1 m in pea was higher at the first evaluation term than at the second term.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- number of weedse1
- Direction
- exceedede1
- Comparator
- second terme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e1“the number of weeds per 1 m in the first term of weed infestation evaluation (in the phase of third true leaf) exceeded the number of weeds in the second term (ripening of pods and seeds)”
Claim · model-written summary
The air-dry matter of weeds was higher at the second evaluation term than at the first.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- air-dry matter of weedse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Setting
- second term of evaluatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e2“On the other hand, the air-dry matter of weeds was higher in the second term of evaluation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ploughless tillage had a higher number of weed species (20-22 species) than the conventional tillage system.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- ploughless tillagee3
- Outcome
- number of weed speciese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 20–22 speciese3
- Comparator
- conventional tillage systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e3“a higher number of weed species under the conditions of ploughless tillage (20–22 species) and herbicide application (20 species) than in the conventional tillage system (14–16 species)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide application had a higher number of weed species (20 species) than the conventional tillage system.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicatione3
- Outcome
- number of weed speciese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 20 speciese3
- Comparator
- conventional tillage systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e3“a higher number of weed species under the conditions of ploughless tillage (20–22 species) and herbicide application (20 species) than in the conventional tillage system (14–16 species)”
Claim · model-written summary
The predominant weed species under conventional tillage were Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crus-galli in the first term and Avena fatua and Chenopodium album in the second term.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.
Amaranthus retroflexuse4weed - Second interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B.
Echinochloa crus-gallie4weed - Outcome
- predominant species under the conditions of conventional tillagee4
- Qualifier
- Avena fatua L. and Chenopodium album L.e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e4“The predominant species under the conditions of conventional tillage were: Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B. (in the first term of evaluation), and Avena fatua L. and Chenopodium album L. (in the second term)”
Claim · model-written summary
The predominant weed species under ploughless tillage were Echinochloa crus-galli and Amaranthus retroflexus in the first term and Fallopia convolvulus, Avena fatua and Galinsoga praviflora in the second term.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- ploughless tillagee5
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B.Echinochloa crus-gallie5weed
- Second interactor
- Amaranthus retroflexus L.Amaranthus retroflexuse5weed
- Outcome
- predominant species in the ploughless tillagee5
- Qualifier
- Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Love, Avena fatua L. and Galinsoga praviflora Cav.e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e5“The predominant species in the ploughless tillage were: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (in the first term) as well as Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Love, Avena fatua L. and Galinsoga praviflora Cav. (in the second term)”
Claim · model-written summary
The predominant weed species under herbicide application were Echinochloa crus-galli and Matricaria inodora.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- herbicide applicatione6
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B.Echinochloa crus-gallie6weed
- Second interactor
- Matricaria inodora L.
Tripleurospermum inodorume6weed - Outcome
- prevailing speciese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e6“In case of herbicide application, the prevailing species were: Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B. and Matricaria inodora L. (in the first term) as well as Matricaria inodora L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.B. (in the second term)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage increased the number of perennial weeds in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- reduced tillagee7
- Interactor
- Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Cirsium arvensee7weed - Second interactor
- Elymus repens (L.) P.B.
Elymus repense7weed - Outcome
- number of perennial weedse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“pea (Pisum sativum L.)”
e7“The reduced tillage increased the number of perennial weeds: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Elymus repens (L.) P.B. and Convolvulus arvensis L.”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · weed · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →herbicide · weed · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.