Abstract
approved: _. Redacted for Privacy Arnold 45.1Appleby, Studies were conducted to determine the extent and nature of sub-lethal effects of herbicides on plant growth. At least one herbicide from each major chemical class of herbicides was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences. Herbicides were applied pre-emergence in nutrient solution. No drainage of the herbicide solution was allowed. Plants were grown for two weeks, harvested by separating roots from shoots, and dry weights recorded. Roots were stimulated more often and to a greater degree than were shoots. Herbicides stimulating root growth were: amiben (3-amino-2, 5-dichlorobenzoic acid), barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl n-chlorocarbanilate), bromacil (5-bromo-3uracil), brornoxynil (3, 5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), dalapon (2, 2-dichloropropionic acid), diuron (3-(3, 4-dichloro-phenyl)-1, 1 dimethylurea), EPTC (ethyl N, N-dipropylthiolcarbamate), MCPA (2-methyl -4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), MSMA (monosodium methanearsonic acid), propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), simazine (2 chloro -4, 6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), and terbacil (5-chloro-3-tert-butyl-6-methyluracil). Herbicides stimulating shoots were barban, dalapon, diuron, and MCPA. Chlorpropham (isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carba.rnate), picloram (4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid), and paraquat (1, 1 dimethyl -4, 4-bipyridinium) did not produce stimulation of roots or shoots at the dosages tested. Amiben, barban, and bromacil were selected for further laboratory studies. Stimulation of oat seedling respiration occurred at 104 ppm amiben at 72 hours and at 103 ppm barban at 48 hours. Other treatments did not increase seedling respiration. Three identical experiments were conducted using an infra-red gas analyzer to measure CO exchange. Oat plants were treated 2 with four rates of amiben, barban, or bromacil. Total photosynthesis and CO2 evolved were measured. Bromacil reduced total photosynthesis at all rates. Total photosynthesis and CO2 evolved were not affected by other treatments. Plants used for the infra-red study were taken to the laboratory to determine ethanol soluble protein, free amino acid, and total available carbohydrate contents of roots and shoots. Ethanol soluble protein content in shoots was increased by 10-5 ppm barban or bromacil. Free amino acids in shoots were increased by all three herbicides at 105 ppm of herbicide. Other treatments produced variable results. Total available carbohydrates in roots were reduced by 10-4 and 10-5 ppm barban and by all rates of bromacil. Stimulation of Plant Growth by Sub lethal Concentrations of Herbicides
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides including amiben, barban, bromacil, bromoxynil, dalapon, diuron, EPTC, MCPA, MSMA, propachlor, simazine and terbacil stimulated root growth of oat more often and to a greater degree than shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Oat plants
Avena sativae1 - Organ / stage
- Rootse2
- Treatment
- Herbicidese3
- Outcome
- root growthe3
- Direction
- stimulatinge3
- Qualifier
- more often and to a greater degree than were shootse2
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At least one herbicide from each major chemical class of herbicides was evaluated under greenhouse conditions”
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e2“Roots were stimulated more often and to a greater degree than were shoots”
e3“Herbicides stimulating root growth were”
Claim · model-written summary
Barban, dalapon, diuron and MCPA stimulated shoot growth of oat.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Herbicidese4
- Outcome
- shootse4
- Direction
- stimulatinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e4“Herbicides stimulating shoots were barban, dalapon, diuron, and MCPA”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpropham did not stimulate root or shoot growth of oat at the dosages tested.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Chlorprophame5
- Outcome
- roots or shootse5
- Direction
- did not produce stimulatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e5“Chlorpropham (isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carba.rnate), picloram (4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid), and paraquat (1, 1 dimethyl -4, 4-bipyridinium) did not produce stimulation of roots or shoots at the dosages tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Picloram did not stimulate root or shoot growth of oat at the dosages tested.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- piclorame5
- Outcome
- roots or shootse5
- Direction
- did not produce stimulatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e5“Chlorpropham (isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carba.rnate), picloram (4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid), and paraquat (1, 1 dimethyl -4, 4-bipyridinium) did not produce stimulation of roots or shoots at the dosages tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraquat did not stimulate root or shoot growth of oat at the dosages tested.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- paraquate5
- Outcome
- roots or shootse5
- Direction
- did not produce stimulatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e5“Chlorpropham (isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carba.rnate), picloram (4-amino-3, 5, 6-trichloropicolinic acid), and paraquat (1, 1 dimethyl -4, 4-bipyridinium) did not produce stimulation of roots or shoots at the dosages tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Amiben at 104 ppm stimulated oat seedling respiration at 72 hours.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- amibene6
- Outcome
- seedling respiratione6
- Direction
- Stimulatione6
- Value
- 104 ppme6
- Qualifier
- 72 hourse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e6“Stimulation of oat seedling respiration occurred at 104 ppm amiben at 72 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Barban at 103 ppm stimulated oat seedling respiration at 48 hours.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- barbane7
- Outcome
- seedling respiratione6
- Direction
- Stimulatione6
- Value
- 103 ppme7
- Qualifier
- 48 hourse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e6“Stimulation of oat seedling respiration occurred at 104 ppm amiben at 72 hours”
e7“at 103 ppm barban at 48 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
The other treatments did not increase oat seedling respiration.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Other treatmentse2
- Outcome
- seedling respiratione2
- Direction
- did not increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e2“Other treatments did not increase seedling respiration”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromacil reduced total photosynthesis of oat at all rates.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Bromacile2
- Outcome
- total photosynthesise2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- at all ratese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e2“Bromacil reduced total photosynthesis at all rates”
Claim · model-written summary
The other treatments did not affect total photosynthesis or CO2 evolved in oat.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- other treatmentse2
- Outcome
- Total photosynthesis and CO2 evolvede2
- Direction
- not affectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e2“Total photosynthesis and CO2 evolved were not affected by other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Barban or bromacil at 10-5 ppm increased ethanol soluble protein content in oat shoots.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Organ / stage
- shootse2
- Treatment
- barban or bromacile2
- Outcome
- Ethanol soluble protein content in shootse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 10-5 ppme2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e2“Ethanol soluble protein content in shoots was increased by 10-5 ppm barban or bromacil”
Claim · model-written summary
All three herbicides at 105 ppm increased free amino acids in oat shoots.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- all three herbicidese2
- Outcome
- Free amino acids in shootse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 105 ppme2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e2“Free amino acids in shoots were increased by all three herbicides at 105 ppm of herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Barban at 10-4 and 10-5 ppm reduced total available carbohydrates in oat roots.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Treatment
- 10-4 and 10-5 ppm barbane2
- Outcome
- Total available carbohydrates in rootse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 10-4 and 10-5 ppme2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e2“Total available carbohydrates in roots were reduced by 10-4 and 10-5 ppm barban and by all rates of bromacil”
Claim · model-written summary
All rates of bromacil reduced total available carbohydrates in oat roots.
- Taxon
- Oat plantsAvena sativae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Treatment
- all rates of bromacile2
- Outcome
- Total available carbohydrates in rootse2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Oat plants were grown in sand culture to eliminate soil interferences”
e2“Total available carbohydrates in roots were reduced by 10-4 and 10-5 ppm barban and by all rates of bromacil”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.