Abstract
Combination treatments of hemicellulosic waste (HW) from paper manufacture and urea (U) were studied for their nematicidal activity and their effect on enzymatic activities and nitrogen transformations in soil under greenhouse conditions. Urea applied at rates of 200-1000 mg N/kg soil reduced populations of plant parasitic nematodes but caused severe phytotoxicity in 'Ransom' soybeans [Glycine max (L) Merr.]. When HW was combined with U the effectiveness of urea against nematodes was retained but urea phytotoxicity was reduced or eliminated over the range of 200-800 mg urea-N/kg soil. Treatments with HW alone over the range of 2-32 g/kg soil reduced nematode numbers; however, the degree of reduction depended on both the nematode species and HW rate. HW alone failed to eliminate all plant parasitic nematodes but when combined with urea (400 mg N/kg soil), the combination was nematicidal at all rates tested. HW + U treatments containing 16 or 32 g HW/kg soil and 400 mg urea-N/kg soil w
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Urea at 200-1000 mg N/kg soil reduced plant parasitic nematode populations.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Urea applied at rates of 200-1000 mg N/kg soile0
- Interactor
- plant parasitic nematodese0parasite
- Outcome
- populations of plant parasitic nematodese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea applied at rates of 200-1000 mg N/kg soil reduced populations of plant parasitic nematodes but caused severe phytotoxicity in 'Ransom' soybeans [Glycine max (L) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea at 200-1000 mg N/kg soil caused severe phytotoxicity in Ransom soybeans.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe0
- Material
- 'Ransom'e0
- Treatment
- Urea applied at rates of 200-1000 mg N/kg soile0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- causede0
- Qualifier
- severee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea applied at rates of 200-1000 mg N/kg soil reduced populations of plant parasitic nematodes but caused severe phytotoxicity in 'Ransom' soybeans [Glycine max (L) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding HW to urea retained its activity against nematodes.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- HW was combined with Ue0
- Outcome
- effectiveness of urea against nematodese0
- Direction
- retainede0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When HW was combined with U the effectiveness of urea against nematodes was retained”
e1“'Ransom' soybeans [Glycine max (L) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding HW to urea reduced or eliminated soybean phytotoxicity at 200-800 mg urea-N/kg soil.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- HW was combined with Ue1
- Outcome
- urea phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- reduced or eliminatede0
- Qualifier
- 200-800 mg urea-N/kg soile0
- Comparator
- ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urea phytotoxicity was reduced or eliminated over the range of 200-800 mg urea-N/kg soil”
e1“When HW was combined with U”
e2“'Ransom' soybeans [Glycine max (L) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
HW alone at 2-32 g/kg soil reduced nematode numbers depending on species and rate.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- HW alone over the range of 2-32 g/kg soile0
- Outcome
- nematode numberse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- depended on both the nematode species and HW ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with HW alone over the range of 2-32 g/kg soil reduced nematode numbers; however, the degree of reduction depended on both the nematode species and HW rate”
e1“'Ransom' soybeans [Glycine max (L) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
HW alone failed to eliminate all plant parasitic nematodes.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- HW alonee0
- Interactor
- plant parasitic nematodese0parasite
- Outcome
- failed to eliminate all plant parasitic nematodese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HW alone failed to eliminate all plant parasitic nematodes”
e1“'Ransom' soybeans [Glycine max (L) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
HW plus urea at 400 mg N/kg soil was nematicidal at every tested HW rate.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- combined with urea (400 mg N/kg soil)e0
- Interactor
- plant parasitic nematodese1parasite
- Outcome
- nematicidale0
- Qualifier
- all rates testede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when combined with urea (400 mg N/kg soil), the combination was nematicidal at all rates tested”
e1“all plant parasitic nematodes”
e2“'Ransom' soybeans [Glycine max (L) Merr.]”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · crop injury · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
nitrogen · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.