Abstract
Legumes form tripartite symbiotic associations with noduleinducing rhizobia and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Co-inoculation of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) roots with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61-A-101 considerably enhanced colonization by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. A similar stimulatory effect on mycorrhizal colonization was also observed in nonnodulating soybean mutants when inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and in wild-type soybean plants when inoculated with ineffective rhizobial strains, indicating that a functional rhizobial symbiosis is not necessary for enhanced mycorrhiza formation. Inoculation with the mutant Rhizobium sp. NGR[delta]nodABC, unable to produce nodulation (Nod) factors, did not show any effect on mycorrhiza. Highly purified Nod factors also increased the degree of mycorrhizal colonization. Nod factors from Rhizobium sp. NGR234 differed in their potential to promote fungal colonization. The acetylated factor NodNGR-V (MeFuc, Ac), added at concentrations as low as 10-9 M, was active, whereas the sulfated factor, NodNGR-V (MeFuc, S), was inactive. Several soybean flavonoids known to accumulate in response to the acetylated Nod factor showed a similar promoting effect on mycorrhiza. These results suggest that plant flavonoids mediate the Nod factor-induced stimulation of mycorrhizal colonization in soybean roots.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation enhanced Glomus mosseae colonization.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Co-inoculation of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) roots with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61-A-101e0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Second interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61-A-101
Bradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont - Outcome
- colonization by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseaee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) roots with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61-A-101 considerably enhanced colonization by the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium japonicum stimulated mycorrhizal colonization in nonnodulating mutants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- nonnodulating soybean mutantse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicume0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar stimulatory effect on mycorrhizal colonization was also observed in nonnodulating soybean mutants when inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum”
Claim · model-written summary
Ineffective rhizobial strains stimulated mycorrhizal colonization in wild-type soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- wild-type soybean plantse0
- Treatment
- inoculated with ineffective rhizobial strainse0
- Interactor
- rhizobial strainse0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar stimulatory effect on mycorrhizal colonization was also observed in nonnodulating soybean mutants when inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and in wild-type soybean plants when inoculated with ineffective rhizobial strains”
Claim · model-written summary
The Nod-factor-deficient Rhizobium mutant had no effect on mycorrhiza.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with the mutant Rhizobium sp. NGR[delta]nodABCe0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizae0
- Direction
- did not show any effecte0
DeltaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with the mutant Rhizobium sp. NGR[delta]nodABC, unable to produce nodulation (Nod) factors, did not show any effect on mycorrhiza”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Purified Nod factors increased mycorrhizal colonization.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Highly purified Nod factorse0
- Outcome
- degree of mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highly purified Nod factors also increased the degree of mycorrhizal colonization”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetylated NodNGR-V was active at 10-9 M.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- acetylated factor NodNGR-V (MeFuc, Ac)e0
- Outcome
- was activee0
- Value
- 10-9 Me0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The acetylated factor NodNGR-V (MeFuc, Ac), added at concentrations as low as 10-9 M, was active”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfated NodNGR-V was inactive.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sulfated factor, NodNGR-V (MeFuc, S)e0
- Outcome
- was inactivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sulfated factor, NodNGR-V (MeFuc, S), was inactive”
t0“Soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Several soybean flavonoids promoted mycorrhiza.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soybean flavonoidse0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizae0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Several soybean flavonoids known to accumulate in response to the acetylated Nod factor showed a similar promoting effect on mycorrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest plant flavonoids mediate Nod-factor-induced mycorrhizal colonization.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Compound
- plant flavonoidse0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that plant flavonoids mediate the Nod factor-induced stimulation of mycorrhizal colonization in soybean roots”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Funneliformis mosseae · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.