Abstract
Root-Knot Nematodes (RKN) Meloidogyne spp. significantly affects glasshouse tomatoes in Central Greece. Elimination or halting J2s could be an efficient strategy to control RKN. Recently, it was reported that a commercial product of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extract (Azadirachtin 1% Emulsion Concentrate-EC) significantly reduced the number of galls on tomato roots and egg masses, compared to the untreated control. In the present study neem proved to have a direct immobilising effect on RKN J2s. Different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50%) of the tested neem product were applied with water containing fresh J2s and in soil naturally infected with RKN. Records of immobilised J2s were taken after 10 min, 1 h, 6 h, 24 h and 72 h of Neem application in water and after six days of neem application into the soil. Neem solution concentrations 5% and 10%, resulted in 85% ± 3.2 and 100% of immobilised J2s. The same concentrations of neem when were added in the water for nematode extraction from the soil, resulted 14.25% ± 4.01 and 1.7%, of J2s extracted from the soil with a significant concentration effect (P = 0.008), compared to the untreated control. However, the neem product at high application dose significant damage the tomato plants caused phytoxicity.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
A 5% neem solution immobilized 85% ± 3.2 of J2s.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt1 - Treatment
- 5%e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynet0pest - Outcome
- immobilised J2se0
- Direction
- immobilisede0
- Value
- 85% ± 3.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Neem solution concentrations 5% and 10%, resulted in 85% ± 3.2 and 100% of immobilised J2s.”
t0“Azadirachta indica Seed Extract on Meloidogyne spp.”
t1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A 10% neem solution immobilized 100% of J2s.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- 10%e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynet0pest
- Outcome
- immobilised J2se0
- Direction
- immobilisede0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem solution concentrations 5% and 10%, resulted in 85% ± 3.2 and 100% of immobilised J2s.”
t0“Meloidogyne spp.”
t1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5% neem, 14.25% ± 4.01 of J2s were extracted from soil.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- 5%t0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- J2s extracted from the soile0
- Value
- 14.25% ± 4.01e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same concentrations of neem when were added in the water for nematode extraction from the soil, resulted 14.25% ± 4.01 and 1.7%, of J2s extracted from the soil with a significant concentration effect (P = 0.008), compared to the untreated control.”
t0“Neem solution concentrations 5% and 10%”
t1“tomato plants”
e1“Meloidogyne spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10% neem, 1.7% of J2s were extracted from soil.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- 10%t0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynee1pest
- Outcome
- J2s extracted from the soile0
- Value
- 1.7%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same concentrations of neem when were added in the water for nematode extraction from the soil, resulted 14.25% ± 4.01 and 1.7%, of J2s extracted from the soil with a significant concentration effect (P = 0.008), compared to the untreated control.”
t0“Neem solution concentrations 5% and 10%”
t1“tomato plants”
e1“Meloidogyne spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
High doses of neem caused phytotoxic damage to tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- neem product at high application dosee0
- Outcome
- damage the tomato plants caused phytoxicitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the neem product at high application dose significant damage the tomato plants caused phytoxicity.”
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