Abstract
The effect of three different concentrations of amitrole (AM), a bleaching herbicide affecting carotenogenesis, on chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthetic pigment contents, and photochemical activity was studied in two maize genotypes differing in photosynthetic characteristics. The content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of plants treated with low (20 μM) AM concentration was similar to control plants and no damaging effect of the herbicide on the ultrastructure of either mesophyll (MC) or bundle-sheath (BSC) cell chloroplasts was observed. Higher (60 and 120 μM) concentrations of AM caused a significant decrease in the content of carotenoids (especially xanthophylls), which was followed by photooxidative destruction of chlorophylls and some alterations of chloroplast ultrastructure. MC chloroplasts appeared more sensitive to the damaging effect of AM compared to BSC chloroplasts. A significant decrease in the amount of both granal and intergranal thylakoids in MC chloroplasts was observed with the increasing concentration of AM. As regards BSC chloroplasts, rapid decrease in the volume density of starch inclusions was found in plants treated with higher concentrations of AM. When 120 μM AM was used, both MC and BSC chloroplasts contained just a few thylakoid membranes that were strongly altered. The changes in the ultrastructure of MC chloroplasts were accompanied by the changes in their photochemical activity. The formation of chloroplast protrusions after treatment of plants with AM as well as in control plants was also observed.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low amitrole left photosynthetic pigment content similar to controls.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- low (20 μM) AM concentratione0
- Outcome
- content of photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of plants treated with low (20 μM) AM concentration was similar to control plants”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low amitrole caused no observed damage to MC or BSC chloroplast ultrastructure.
- Treatment
- herbicidee0
- Outcome
- ultrastructure of either mesophyll (MC) or bundle-sheath (BSC) cell chloroplastse0
- Direction
- no damaging effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no damaging effect of the herbicide on the ultrastructure of either mesophyll (MC) or bundle-sheath (BSC) cell chloroplasts was observed”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher amitrole concentrations significantly reduced carotenoid content, especially xanthophylls.
- Treatment
- Higher (60 and 120 μM) concentrations of AMe0
- Outcome
- content of carotenoids (especially xanthophylls)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher (60 and 120 μM) concentrations of AM caused a significant decrease in the content of carotenoids (especially xanthophylls)”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher amitrole concentrations were followed by photooxidative chlorophyll destruction.
- Treatment
- Higher (60 and 120 μM) concentrations of AMe1
- Outcome
- photooxidative destruction of chlorophyllse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was followed by photooxidative destruction of chlorophylls”
e1“Higher (60 and 120 μM) concentrations of AM”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher amitrole concentrations altered chloroplast ultrastructure.
- Treatment
- Higher (60 and 120 μM) concentrations of AMe1
- Outcome
- alterations of chloroplast ultrastructuree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some alterations of chloroplast ultrastructure”
e1“Higher (60 and 120 μM) concentrations of AM”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
MC chloroplasts appeared more sensitive than BSC chloroplasts to amitrole damage.
- Organ / stage
- MC chloroplastse0
- Outcome
- damaging effect of AMe0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- BSC chloroplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MC chloroplasts appeared more sensitive to the damaging effect of AM compared to BSC chloroplasts”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing amitrole significantly reduced granal and intergranal thylakoids in MC chloroplasts.
- Organ / stage
- MC chloroplastse0
- Treatment
- increasing concentration of AMe0
- Outcome
- amount of both granal and intergranal thylakoidse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant decrease in the amount of both granal and intergranal thylakoids in MC chloroplasts was observed with the increasing concentration of AM”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher amitrole concentrations rapidly reduced starch inclusion volume density in BSC chloroplasts.
- Organ / stage
- BSC chloroplastse1
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of AMe0
- Outcome
- volume density of starch inclusionse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rapid decrease in the volume density of starch inclusions was found in plants treated with higher concentrations of AM”
e1“As regards BSC chloroplasts”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 120 μM amitrole, both chloroplast types retained only a few strongly altered thylakoid membranes.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When 120 μM AM was used, both MC and BSC chloroplasts contained just a few thylakoid membranes that were strongly altered”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
MC chloroplast ultrastructural changes accompanied changes in photochemical activity.
- Organ / stage
- MC chloroplastse0
- Outcome
- photochemical activitye0
- Qualifier
- changes in the ultrastructuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The changes in the ultrastructure of MC chloroplasts were accompanied by the changes in their photochemical activity”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplast protrusions occurred in both amitrole treated and control plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The formation of chloroplast protrusions after treatment of plants with AM as well as in control plants was also observed”
t0“Maize (Zea mays L.)”
The same questions in other papers
amitrole · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.