Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11 at New Delhi to evaluate the effect of four se- quential combinations of conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) practices in conjunction with N levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha) on energy relations and use-efficiencies of irrigation water (IWUE) and N (NUE) in maize (Zea mays L.)wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol} cropping system. ZT practices saved on an average 20 and 15 % input energy requirements over CT practices in maize and wheat, respectively. The maximum input energy requirement in maizewheat cropping system was recorded under CTCT tillage se- quence, whereas the minimum was recorded with ZTZT sequential tillage system. The gross and net output en- ergy productions by the maize-wheat cropping system were not influenced significantly due to different sequential tillage practices, however these were recorded maximum under CTZT sequential tillage system. Significantly maximum energy-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system was recorded with ZTZT sequence, which was 29.76, 19.44 and 11.49 % higher than the CTCT, CTZT and ZTCT sequential tillage practices, respectively during the year 2010-11. ZT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTZT and ZTZT) resulted 46 % higher IWUE than CT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTCT and ZTCT). The energy relations, IWUE and NUE parameters of both the crops differed significantly due to various N levels. The input and output energy and IWUE increased significantly with each successive increase in levels of N from 0 to 120 kg N/ha, while reverse trends were observed with energy-use efficiency and NUE, which were decreased significantly from 0 to 180 kg N/ha. Consequently ZT involving sequential tillage practices in conjunction with application of 120 kg N/ha may be adopted to enhance resource-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage saved 20% input energy in maize relative to conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- ZT practicese0
- Outcome
- input energy requirementse0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 20e0
- Comparator
- CT practicese0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT practices saved on an average 20 and 15 % input energy requirements over CT practices in maize and wheat, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage saved 15% input energy in wheat relative to conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- ZT practicese0
- Outcome
- input energy requirementse0
- Direction
- savede0
- Value
- 15 %e0
- Comparator
- CT practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT practices saved on an average 20 and 15 % input energy requirements over CT practices in maize and wheat, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
CTCT had the maximum input energy requirement in the maize–wheat system.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum input energy requirement in maizewheat cropping system was recorded under CTCT tillage se- quence”
Claim · model-written summary
ZTZT had the minimum input energy requirement in the maize–wheat system.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum was recorded with ZTZT sequential tillage system”
t0“maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential tillage did not significantly alter gross and net output energy production.
- Taxon
- maize-wheate0
- Treatment
- different sequential tillage practicese0
- Outcome
- gross and net output en- ergy productionse0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The gross and net output en- ergy productions by the maize-wheat cropping system were not influenced significantly due to different sequential tillage practices”
Claim · model-written summary
ZTZT had significantly maximum energy-use efficiency, exceeding CTCT by 29.76%.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly maximum energy-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system was recorded with ZTZT sequence, which was 29.76, 19.44 and 11.49 % higher than the CTCT, CTZT and ZTCT sequential tillage practices, respectively during the year 2010-11”
Claim · model-written summary
ZTZT energy-use efficiency exceeded CTZT by 19.44%.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly maximum energy-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system was recorded with ZTZT sequence, which was 29.76, 19.44 and 11.49 % higher than the CTCT, CTZT and ZTCT sequential tillage practices, respectively during the year 2010-11”
Claim · model-written summary
ZTZT energy-use efficiency exceeded ZTCT by 11.49%.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly maximum energy-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system was recorded with ZTZT sequence, which was 29.76, 19.44 and 11.49 % higher than the CTCT, CTZT and ZTCT sequential tillage practices, respectively during the year 2010-11”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat zero-tillage sequences increased irrigation water-use efficiency by 46% relative to conventional-tillage wheat sequences.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTZT and ZTZT)e0
- Outcome
- IWUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 46 %e0
- Comparator
- CT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTCT and ZTCT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTZT and ZTZT) resulted 46 % higher IWUE than CT sown wheat based tillage sequences (CTCT and ZTCT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N from 0 to 120 kg N/ha significantly increased input and output energy and IWUE.
- Treatment
- levels of N from 0 to 120 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- input and output energy and IWUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The input and output energy and IWUE increased significantly with each successive increase in levels of N from 0 to 120 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N from 0 to 180 kg N/ha significantly decreased energy-use efficiency and NUE.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“energy-use efficiency and NUE, which were decreased significantly from 0 to 180 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend zero tillage with 120 kg N/ha to enhance resource-use efficiency.
Verbatim
e0“ZT involving sequential tillage practices in conjunction with application of 120 kg N/ha may be adopted to enhance resource-use efficiency in maizewheat cropping system”