Paper · 1968 · Ecology

Ecology of Picea Chihuahuana Martinez

Alan G. Gordon

14
claims
28
verbatim quotes
46
citations
4
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Picea chihuahuana probably arrived in North America during Cretaceous or earlier times. The Physiography, climate, and forest geography of its present range in the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico are described. The forests are cool montane temperate rather than boreal. In the station examined. P. chihuahuana was distributed only on fresh and moist sites. Growth rates both in height and diameter on moist sites exceeded those on the fresh. The culmination point for diameter growth was at 85 years. The mean specific gravity was .347, and differences due to site were not significant. The moist site soils supporting P. chihuahuana differed from the fresh site soils only in having flower pH, Ca, and K levels. Since the sites were closely associated and the parent materials identical, it is assumed that these differences were due to differences in moisture regime. The foliar nutrient concentration of N, P, and K decreased with increasing needle age except that P and K increased markedly in the oldest needles. Conversely, Ca increased with advancing needle age but decreased in the oldest needles. P. chihuahuana shows a remarkable tolerance for high Ca concentration. The associated vegetation of the P. chihuahuana stand was measured on both fresh and moist sites, and significant differences between the plant assemblages of these sites were found. Its present range and pattern of regeneration indicate that P. chihuahuana may not long escape extinction.

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Claims 14

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Picea chihuahuana probably arrived in North America during the Cretaceous or earlier.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
arrived in North Americae0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Picea chihuahuana probably arrived in North America during Cretaceous or earlier times”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–86 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Its forests are cool montane temperate.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
cool montane temperatee0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The forests are cool montane temperate rather than boreal”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 213–270 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The tree occurred only on fresh and moist sites at the examined station.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
distributed only on fresh and moist sitese0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“P. chihuahuana was distributed only on fresh and moist sites”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 297–357 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Height and diameter growth was greater on moist than fresh sites.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
Growth rates both in height and diametere0
Direction
exceedede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Growth rates both in height and diameter on moist sites exceeded those on the fresh”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 359–442 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diameter growth culminated at 85 years.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
culmination point for diameter growthe0
Value
85 yearse0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The culmination point for diameter growth was at 85 years”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 444–501 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mean specific gravity was .347.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
mean specific gravitye0
Value
.347e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The mean specific gravity was .347”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 503–537 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Specific gravity did not differ significantly by site.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
differences due to sitee0
Direction
not significante0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“differences due to site were not significant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 543–587 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Moist-site soils had lower pH, calcium and potassium than fresh-site soils.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
flower pH, Ca, and K levelse0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The moist site soils supporting P. chihuahuana differed from the fresh site soils only in having flower pH, Ca, and K levels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 589–713 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar nitrogen concentration decreased as needle age increased.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
foliar nutrient concentration of Ne0
Direction
decreasede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The foliar nutrient concentration of N, P, and K decreased with increasing needle age”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 872–957 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar phosphorus and potassium concentrations decreased with needle age, then increased in the oldest needles.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
P and Ke0
Direction
increasede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“P and K increased markedly in the oldest needles”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 970–1018 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar calcium increased with needle age, then decreased in oldest needles.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
Cae0
Direction
increasede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Ca increased with advancing needle age but decreased in the oldest needles”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1032–1106 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Picea chihuahuana tolerates high calcium concentration.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
tolerance for high Ca concentratione0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“P. chihuahuana shows a remarkable tolerance for high Ca concentration”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1108–1177 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Associated plant assemblages differed significantly between fresh and moist sites.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
plant assemblagese0
Direction
differencese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significant differences between the plant assemblages of these sites were found”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1281–1360 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The present range and regeneration pattern suggest extinction risk.

Taxon
Picea ChihuahuanaPicea chihuahuanat0
Outcome
may not long escape extinctione0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Picea chihuahuana
Picea chihuahuana · TaxonOscargsol · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Its present range and pattern of regeneration indicate that P. chihuahuana may not long escape extinction”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1362–1467 · show in text ↑
t0

“Picea Chihuahuana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–28 · show in text ↑