Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2010, to study the effect of weed management practices on weed control, growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L) under lowland conditions. The treatments consisted of pre-emergence application of butachlor and metsulfuron methyl along with post-emergence application of 2, 4-D EE or conoweeding at 20 DAT, which was compared to two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT and control. Among the herbicidal treatments, pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice. Among the growth parameters of rice, maximum plant height (88.07 cm), plant dry weight (63.40 g), number of tillers plant -1 (22.1) and crop growth rate (0.951 g m -2 day -1 ) were recorded under the aforesaid treatment. Better yield attributes, higher grain yield (5.01 t ha -1 ), harvest index (39.10 %), net return ( 36235 ha -1 ) and benefit: cost ratio (2.02) of rice were recorded under the same treatment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence produced least weed density of 81.32 m -2.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e0
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 81.32 m -2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence produced least weed biomass of 30.68 m-2.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 30.68 m-2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence produced maximum weed control efficiency of 76.68%.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 76.68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence gave maximum rice plant height of 88.07 cm.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e1
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 88.07 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum plant height (88.07 cm), plant dry weight (63.40 g), number of tillers plant -1 (22.1) and crop growth rate (0.951 g m -2 day -1 )”
e1“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence gave maximum rice plant dry weight of 63.40 g.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e1
- Outcome
- plant dry weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 63.40 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum plant height (88.07 cm), plant dry weight (63.40 g), number of tillers plant -1 (22.1) and crop growth rate (0.951 g m -2 day -1 )”
e1“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence gave maximum rice number of tillers plant -1 of 22.1.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e1
- Outcome
- number of tillers plant -1e0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 22.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum plant height (88.07 cm), plant dry weight (63.40 g), number of tillers plant -1 (22.1) and crop growth rate (0.951 g m -2 day -1 )”
e1“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence gave maximum rice crop growth rate of 0.951 g m -2 day -1.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e1
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.951 g m -2 day -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum plant height (88.07 cm), plant dry weight (63.40 g), number of tillers plant -1 (22.1) and crop growth rate (0.951 g m -2 day -1 )”
e1“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence produced rice grain yield of 5.01 t ha -1.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.01 t ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Better yield attributes, higher grain yield (5.01 t ha -1 ), harvest index (39.10 %), net return ( 36235 ha -1 ) and benefit: cost ratio (2.02) of rice were recorded under the same treatment.”
e1“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence produced rice harvest index of 39.10 %.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e1
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 39.10 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Better yield attributes, higher grain yield (5.01 t ha -1 ), harvest index (39.10 %), net return ( 36235 ha -1 ) and benefit: cost ratio (2.02) of rice were recorded under the same treatment.”
e1“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence produced rice net return of 36235 ha -1.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e1
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 36235 ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Better yield attributes, higher grain yield (5.01 t ha -1 ), harvest index (39.10 %), net return ( 36235 ha -1 ) and benefit: cost ratio (2.02) of rice were recorded under the same treatment.”
e1“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide sequence produced rice benefit: cost ratio of 2.02.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1e1
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.02e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Better yield attributes, higher grain yield (5.01 t ha -1 ), harvest index (39.10 %), net return ( 36235 ha -1 ) and benefit: cost ratio (2.02) of rice were recorded under the same treatment.”
e1“pre – emergence application of metsulfuron methyl at l 6 g ha -1 + post emergence spray of 2, 4-D EE at 500 g ha -1 recorded the least weed density (81.32 m -2 ), weed biomass (30.68 m-2 ) and maximum weed control efficiency (76.68%) in rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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See all 29 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.