Abstract
Field experiments were conducted during the wet season of 2012 and 2013 at farmer's field of village Binuria, Sriniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, India with rice variety ‘Swarna’ (MTU 7029) to study the effect of bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor and other herbicides on growth of different weed species and productivity of transplanted rice. Twelve treatments in the experiment were assigned in a randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that rice was infested with three categories of weeds viz. grasses, broadleaved and sedges. Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum among the grasses; Fimbristylis miliacea, among the sedges and Ludwigia parviflora and Commelina nudiflora among the broadleaved weeds were predominant throughout the cropping period. Bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60+600 g ha−1applied at 3 DAT completely controlled the grasses, broadleaved and sedges at 30 and 60 DAT except Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum. However, the density, as well as dry weight of both the species were significantly reduced. Metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (Almix) + azimsulfuron at 4+35 g ha−1 at 15 DAT was also quite effective in controlling broad spectrum weeds. Lower values of weed density, total weed dry weight and higher values of herbicide efficiency index and yield of rice were registered with application of bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60 + 600 g ha−1 at 3 DAT followed by metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (Almix) + azimsulfuron at 4+35 g ha−1 at 15 DAT. Weed infestation resulted in grain yield reduction of rice to the tune of 40% Application of bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60+600 g ha−1 at 3 DAT or metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (Almix) + azimsulfuron at 4 + 35 g ha−1 at 15 DAT appeared to be the most promising for managing mixed weed flora and obtaining higher yield of transplanted rice in the lateritic belt of West Bengal, India.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Rice fields were infested with grasses, broadleaved weeds, and sedges.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- grasses, broadleaved and sedgese0weed
- Outcome
- infested with three categories of weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice was infested with three categories of weeds viz. grasses, broadleaved and sedges”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum predominated among grasses during the cropping period.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum
Cynodon dactylon
Paspalum distichume0weed - Outcome
- predominant throughout the cropping periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum among the grasses; Fimbristylis miliacea, among the sedges and Ludwigia parviflora and Commelina nudiflora among the broadleaved weeds were predominant throughout the cropping period”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fimbristylis miliacea predominated among sedges.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Fimbristylis miliacea
Fimbristylis quinquangularise0weed - Outcome
- predominant throughout the cropping periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fimbristylis miliacea, among the sedges and Ludwigia parviflora and Commelina nudiflora among the broadleaved weeds were predominant throughout the cropping period”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ludwigia parviflora and Commelina nudiflora predominated among broadleaved weeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Ludwigia parviflora and Commelina nudiflorae0weed
- Outcome
- predominant throughout the cropping periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ludwigia parviflora and Commelina nudiflora among the broadleaved weeds were predominant throughout the cropping period”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Bensulfuron-methyl plus pretilachlor completely controlled most weed groups at 30 and 60 DAT except the two named grasses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60+600 g ha−1applied at 3 DATe0
- Interactor
- Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichumCynodon dactylonPaspalum distichume0weed
- Outcome
- the grasses, broadleaved and sedgese0
- Direction
- completely controllede0
- Qualifier
- at 30 and 60 DAT except Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60+600 g ha−1applied at 3 DAT completely controlled the grasses, broadleaved and sedges at 30 and 60 DAT except Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
That treatment significantly reduced the density of Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedInteractorTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the density, as well as dry weight of both the species were significantly reduced”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
That treatment significantly reduced the dry weight of Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum distichum.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the density, as well as dry weight of both the species were significantly reduced”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Metsulfuron methyl plus chlorimuron-ethyl and azimsulfuron effectively controlled broad-spectrum weeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (Almix) + azimsulfuron at 4+35 g ha−1 at 15 DATe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- broad spectrum weedse0
- Direction
- quite effective in controllinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (Almix) + azimsulfuron at 4+35 g ha−1 at 15 DAT was also quite effective in controlling broad spectrum weeds”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The bensulfuron-methyl plus pretilachlor program gave low weed density and dry weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60 + 600 g ha−1 at 3 DATe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density, total weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- Lower valuese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower values of weed density, total weed dry weight and higher values of herbicide efficiency index and yield of rice were registered with application of bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60 + 600 g ha−1 at 3 DAT followed by metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (Almix) + azimsulfuron at 4+35 g ha−1 at 15 DAT”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The bensulfuron-methyl plus pretilachlor program gave a higher herbicide efficiency index.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60 + 600 g ha−1 at 3 DATe0
- Outcome
- herbicide efficiency indexe0
- Direction
- higher valuese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher values of herbicide efficiency index and yield of rice were registered with application of bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60 + 600 g ha−1 at 3 DAT”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The bensulfuron-methyl plus pretilachlor program gave higher rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60 + 600 g ha−1 at 3 DATe0
- Outcome
- yield of ricee0
- Direction
- higher valuese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher values of herbicide efficiency index and yield of rice were registered with application of bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60 + 600 g ha−1 at 3 DAT”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed infestation reduced rice grain yield by 40%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed infestation resulted in grain yield reduction of rice to the tune of 40%”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified bensulfuron-methyl plus pretilachlor as promising for weed management and higher transplanted-rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60+600 g ha−1 at 3 DATe0
- Outcome
- managing mixed weed flora and obtaining higher yield of transplanted ricee0
- Setting
- West Bengal, Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60+600 g ha−1 at 3 DAT or metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (Almix) + azimsulfuron at 4 + 35 g ha−1 at 15 DAT appeared to be the most promising for managing mixed weed flora and obtaining higher yield of transplanted rice in the lateritic belt of West Bengal, India”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identified metsulfuron methyl plus chlorimuron-ethyl and azimsulfuron as promising for weed management and higher transplanted-rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (Almix) + azimsulfuron at 4 + 35 g ha−1 at 15 DATe0
- Outcome
- managing mixed weed flora and obtaining higher yield of transplanted ricee0
- Setting
- West Bengal, Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ pretilachlor 6% at 60+600 g ha−1 at 3 DAT or metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron-ethyl (Almix) + azimsulfuron at 4 + 35 g ha−1 at 15 DAT appeared to be the most promising for managing mixed weed flora and obtaining higher yield of transplanted rice in the lateritic belt of West Bengal, India”
t0“Rice”
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