Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) contains the major portion of the phosphorus in the soybean (Glycine max) seed and chelates divalent cations. During germination, both minerals and phosphate are released upon phytase-catalyzed degradation of PA. We generated a soybean line (CAPPA) in which an Escherichia coli periplasmic phytase, the product of the appA gene, was expressed in the cytoplasm of developing cotyledons. CAPPA exhibited high levels of phytase expression, >or=90% reduction in seed PA, and concomitant increases in total free phosphate. These traits were stable, and, although resulted in a trend for reduced emergence and a statistically significant reduction in germination rates, had no effect on the number of seeds per plant or seed weight. Because phytate is not digested by monogastric animals, untreated soymeal does not provide monogastrics with sufficient phosphorus and minerals, and PA in the waste stream leads to phosphorus runoff. The expression of a cytoplasmic phytase in the CAPPA line therefore improves phosphorus availability and surpasses gains achieved by other reported transgenic and mutational strategies by combining in seeds both high phytase expression and significant increases in available phosphorus. Thus, in addition to its value as a high-phosphate meal source, soymeal from CAPPA could be used to convert PA of admixed meals, such as cornmeal, directly to utilizable inorganic phosphorus.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The CAPPA soybean line had high phytase expression.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“CAPPA exhibited high levels of phytase expression”
Claim · model-written summary
The CAPPA soybean line had at least 90% less seed phytic acid.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“CAPPA exhibited high levels of phytase expression, >or=90% reduction in seed PA”
Claim · model-written summary
The CAPPA soybean line had increased total free phosphate.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“CAPPA exhibited high levels of phytase expression, >or=90% reduction in seed PA, and concomitant increases in total free phosphate”
Claim · model-written summary
The CAPPA seed traits were stable.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“These traits were stable”
Claim · model-written summary
CAPPA showed a trend toward reduced emergence.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a trend for reduced emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
CAPPA had a statistically significant reduction in germination rates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a statistically significant reduction in germination rates”
Claim · model-written summary
CAPPA had no effect on seeds per plant or seed weight.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“had no effect on the number of seeds per plant or seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
CAPPA seed phytase expression improved phosphorus availability and exceeded gains from previously reported transgenic and mutation strategies.
- Material
- CAPPAe0
- Gene
- cytoplasmic phytasee0
- Outcome
- phosphorus availabilitye0
- Direction
- improvese0
- Comparator
- other reported transgenic and mutational strategiese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The expression of a cytoplasmic phytase in the CAPPA line therefore improves phosphorus availability and surpasses gains achieved by other reported transgenic and mutational strategies”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose using CAPPA soymeal to convert phytic acid in mixed meals into utilizable inorganic phosphorus.
- Material
- CAPPAe0
- Outcome
- convert PA of admixed meals, such as cornmeal, directly to utilizable inorganic phosphoruse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“soymeal from CAPPA could be used to convert PA of admixed meals, such as cornmeal, directly to utilizable inorganic phosphorus”