Abstract
Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2). Total aboveground yield was, on average, 38% higher at elevated than at ambient temperatures. At ambient temperatures elevated CO2 increased the number of tillers by 63% in 1992, 24% in 1993, 90% in 1994 and 14% in 1995. At elevated temperatures, the increase in tiller number in elevated CO2 was seen only in the first growing seasons after sowing. The total yield in a growing season was about 10% higher in elevated CO2 in experiment 1. In experiment 2 the yield was more than 20% higher in elevated CO2 at elevated temperatures, whereas at ambient temperatures the rise in CO2 level had no effect on the yield; the root biomass, however, increased by more than 30%. In elevated CO2 at ambient temperatures the root biomass also increased in experiment I, but at elevated temperatures there was no consistent change. The soluble carbohydrate content of above-ground biomass was 5-48% higher in elevated CO2 at most of the measuring times during the growing season, but the nitrogen content did not show a clear decrease. The reasons for the lack of a marked increase in biomass in elevated CO2 despite a 40-60% increase in photosynthesis are discussed.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated temperature (+3°C) increased total aboveground yield of field-sown meadow fescue by 38% on average relative to ambient temperature.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensis
Festuca pratensise0 - Material
- cv. Kalevie0
- Treatment
- elevated temperatures (+3°C)e0
- Outcome
- Total aboveground yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 38%e1
- Comparator
- ambient temperaturese1
- Setting
- Field-sowne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e1“Total aboveground yield was, on average, 38% higher at elevated than at ambient temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient temperatures, elevated CO2 increased tiller number by 63% in 1992.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- number of tillerse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 63%e2
- Qualifier
- in 1992e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e2“At ambient temperatures elevated CO2 increased the number of tillers by 63% in 1992, 24% in 1993, 90% in 1994 and 14% in 1995”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient temperatures, elevated CO2 increased tiller number by 24% in 1993.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- number of tillerse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 24%e2
- Qualifier
- in 1993e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e2“At ambient temperatures elevated CO2 increased the number of tillers by 63% in 1992, 24% in 1993, 90% in 1994 and 14% in 1995”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient temperatures, elevated CO2 increased tiller number by 90% in 1994.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- number of tillerse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 90%e2
- Qualifier
- in 1994e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e2“At ambient temperatures elevated CO2 increased the number of tillers by 63% in 1992, 24% in 1993, 90% in 1994 and 14% in 1995”
Claim · model-written summary
At ambient temperatures, elevated CO2 increased tiller number by 14% in 1995.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e2
- Outcome
- number of tillerse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 14%e2
- Qualifier
- in 1995e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e2“At ambient temperatures elevated CO2 increased the number of tillers by 63% in 1992, 24% in 1993, 90% in 1994 and 14% in 1995”
Claim · model-written summary
At elevated temperatures, the elevated CO2 increase in tiller number was seen only in the first growing seasons after sowing.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e3
- Outcome
- tiller numbere3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- only in the first growing seasons after sowinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e3“At elevated temperatures, the increase in tiller number in elevated CO2 was seen only in the first growing seasons after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
In experiment 1, total yield in a growing season was about 10% higher in elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e4
- Outcome
- total yielde4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- about 10%e4
- Qualifier
- in experiment 1e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e4“The total yield in a growing season was about 10% higher in elevated CO2 in experiment 1”
Claim · model-written summary
In experiment 2, at elevated temperatures, yield was more than 20% higher in elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- more than 20%e5
- Qualifier
- at elevated temperaturese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e5“In experiment 2 the yield was more than 20% higher in elevated CO2 at elevated temperatures, whereas at ambient temperatures the rise in CO2 level had no effect on the yield; the root biomass, however, increased by more than 30%”
Claim · model-written summary
In experiment 2, at ambient temperatures, the rise in CO2 level had no effect on yield.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- the rise in CO2 levele5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- had no effecte5
- Qualifier
- at ambient temperaturese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e5“In experiment 2 the yield was more than 20% higher in elevated CO2 at elevated temperatures, whereas at ambient temperatures the rise in CO2 level had no effect on the yield; the root biomass, however, increased by more than 30%”
Claim · model-written summary
In experiment 2, root biomass increased by more than 30% with the rise in CO2 level.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- the rise in CO2 levele5
- Outcome
- root biomasse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- more than 30%e5
- Qualifier
- In experiment 2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e5“In experiment 2 the yield was more than 20% higher in elevated CO2 at elevated temperatures, whereas at ambient temperatures the rise in CO2 level had no effect on the yield; the root biomass, however, increased by more than 30%”
Claim · model-written summary
In elevated CO2 at ambient temperatures, root biomass also increased in experiment I.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e6
- Outcome
- root biomasse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- at ambient temperaturese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e6“In elevated CO2 at ambient temperatures the root biomass also increased in experiment I, but at elevated temperatures there was no consistent change”
Claim · model-written summary
At elevated temperatures, root biomass showed no consistent change in elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e6
- Outcome
- root biomasse6
- Direction
- no consistent changee6
- Qualifier
- at elevated temperaturese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e6“In elevated CO2 at ambient temperatures the root biomass also increased in experiment I, but at elevated temperatures there was no consistent change”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble carbohydrate content of above-ground biomass was 5-48% higher in elevated CO2 at most measuring times during the growing season.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Organ / stage
- above-ground biomasse7
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e7
- Outcome
- soluble carbohydrate contente7
- Direction
- highere7
- Value
- 5-48%e7
- Qualifier
- at most of the measuring times during the growing seasone7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e7“The soluble carbohydrate content of above-ground biomass was 5-48% higher in elevated CO2 at most of the measuring times during the growing season, but the nitrogen content did not show a clear decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen content of the biomass did not show a clear decrease in elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e7
- Outcome
- nitrogen contente7
- Direction
- did not show a clear decreasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e7“The soluble carbohydrate content of above-ground biomass was 5-48% higher in elevated CO2 at most of the measuring times during the growing season, but the nitrogen content did not show a clear decrease”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis by 40-60%.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e7
- Outcome
- photosynthesise7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Value
- 40-60%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e7“The reasons for the lack of a marked increase in biomass in elevated CO2 despite a 40-60% increase in photosynthesis are discussed”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass showed a lack of a marked increase in elevated CO2, despite the 40-60% rise in photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Festuca pratensisFestuca pratensise0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e7
- Outcome
- biomasse7
- Direction
- lack of a marked increasee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field-sown meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis, cv. Kalevi) stands were exposed to elevated temperatures (+3°C) and elevated CO2, (700 ppm) levels in two experiments conducted in 1992-1993 (experiment 1) and in 1994-1995 (experiment 2)”
e7“The reasons for the lack of a marked increase in biomass in elevated CO2 despite a 40-60% increase in photosynthesis are discussed”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Festuca pratensis (meadow ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.