Abstract
ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools are important for maintaining soil productivity and reducing the net CO 2 loading of the atmosphere. An 18‐year old long‐term field experiment involving pearl millet‐cluster bean‐castor sequence was conducted on an Entisol in western India to examine the effects of chemical fertilizers and manuring on carbon pools in relation to crop productivity and C sequestration. The data showed that even the addition of 33.5 Mg ha −1 C inputs through crop residues as well as farm yard manure could not compensate the SOC depletion by oxidation and resulted in the net loss of 4.4 Mg C ha −1 in 18 years. The loss of SOC stock in the control was 12 Mg C ha −1 . Conjunctive use of chemical fertilizers along with farm yard manure produced higher agronomic yields and reduced the rate of SOC depletion. The higher average seed yields of pearl millet (809 kg ha −1 ), cluster bean (576), and castor (827) over six cropping seasons were obtained through integrated use of fertilizers and manure. For every Mg increase in profile SOC stock, there was an overall increase of 0.46 Mg of crop yield, comprising increase in individual yield of pearl millet (0.17 Mg ha −1 y −1 Mg −1 SOC), cluster bean (0.14) and castor (0.15). The magnitude of SOC build up was proportional to the C inputs. Carbon pools were significantly correlated with SOC, which increased with application of organic amendments. Threshold C input of 3.3 Mg C ha −1 y −1 was needed to maintain the SOC stock even at the low antecedent level. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon inputs from residues and manure failed to prevent soil carbon depletion, with a net loss of 4.4 Mg C ha −1.
- Taxon
- PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTORt0
- Treatment
- crop residues as well as farm yard manuree0
- Outcome
- SOC depletione0
- Direction
- net losse0
- Value
- 4.4 Mg C ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 18 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“addition of 33.5 Mg ha −1 C inputs through crop residues as well as farm yard manure could not compensate the SOC depletion by oxidation and resulted in the net loss of 4.4 Mg C ha −1 in 18 years”
t0“PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTOR”
Claim · model-written summary
The control lost 12 Mg C ha −1 of soil organic carbon stock.
Verbatim
e0“The loss of SOC stock in the control was 12 Mg C ha −1”
t0“PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTOR”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fertilizer and manure use raised agronomic yields.
- Taxon
- PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTORt0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizers along with farm yard manuree0
- Outcome
- agronomic yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Conjunctive use of chemical fertilizers along with farm yard manure produced higher agronomic yields”
t0“PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTOR”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fertilizer and manure use reduced soil carbon depletion.
- Taxon
- PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTORt0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizers along with farm yard manuree0
- Outcome
- rate of SOC depletione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Conjunctive use of chemical fertilizers along with farm yard manure produced higher agronomic yields and reduced the rate of SOC depletion”
t0“PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTOR”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated fertilizer and manure use produced pearl millet seed yield of 809 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse0 - Treatment
- integrated use of fertilizers and manuree0
- Outcome
- seed yields of pearl millete0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 809 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher average seed yields of pearl millet (809 kg ha −1 ), cluster bean (576), and castor (827) over six cropping seasons were obtained through integrated use of fertilizers and manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated fertilizer and manure use produced cluster bean seed yield of 576.
- Taxon
- cluster bean
Cyamopsis tetragonolobae0 - Treatment
- integrated use of fertilizers and manuree0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 576e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher average seed yields of pearl millet (809 kg ha −1 ), cluster bean (576), and castor (827) over six cropping seasons were obtained through integrated use of fertilizers and manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated fertilizer and manure use produced castor seed yield of 827.
- Taxon
- castor
Ricinus communise0 - Treatment
- integrated use of fertilizers and manuree0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 827e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher average seed yields of pearl millet (809 kg ha −1 ), cluster bean (576), and castor (827) over six cropping seasons were obtained through integrated use of fertilizers and manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Each Mg gain in profile soil carbon stock was associated with 0.46 Mg greater overall crop yield.
Verbatim
e0“For every Mg increase in profile SOC stock, there was an overall increase of 0.46 Mg of crop yield”
t0“PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTOR”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil carbon yield relationship was 0.17 Mg ha −1 y −1 Mg −1 SOC for pearl millet.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse0
- Outcome
- individual yield of pearl millete0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.17 Mg ha −1 y −1 Mg −1 SOCe0
- Setting
- SOCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“comprising increase in individual yield of pearl millet (0.17 Mg ha −1 y −1 Mg −1 SOC)”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil carbon yield relationship was 0.14 for cluster bean.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Outcome
- individual yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 0.14e0
- Setting
- SOCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“comprising increase in individual yield of pearl millet (0.17 Mg ha −1 y −1 Mg −1 SOC), cluster bean (0.14)”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil carbon yield relationship was 0.15 for castor.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“comprising increase in individual yield of pearl millet (0.17 Mg ha −1 y −1 Mg −1 SOC), cluster bean (0.14) and castor (0.15)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil carbon build-up was proportional to carbon inputs.
Verbatim
e0“The magnitude of SOC build up was proportional to the C inputs”
t0“PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTOR”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon pools were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Carbon pools were significantly correlated with SOC”
t0“PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTOR”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic carbon increased with organic amendments.
- Taxon
- PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTORt0
- Treatment
- application of organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- SOCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“SOC, which increased with application of organic amendments”
t0“PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTOR”
Claim · model-written summary
A carbon input threshold of 3.3 Mg C ha −1 y −1 was needed to maintain soil carbon stock.
Verbatim
e0“Threshold C input of 3.3 Mg C ha −1 y −1 was needed to maintain the SOC stock”
t0“PEARL MILLET‐CLUSTER BEAN‐CASTOR”
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See all 259 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.