Abstract
Summary Fungal cell wall elicitors have notable effects on germination of pine seeds, defence response and many other aspects of metabolic processes. In this study, we investigated morphological, physiological and molecular response of somatic embryos of Scots pine to fungal cell wall elicitors from ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus bovinus , pathogenic fungus Heterobasidion annosum or weak Scots pine pathogen ( Heterobasidion parviporum ). Results from the embryo rooting experiment indicated that the genotypic origin of the conifer tree and the source of the elicitors affected the root development. Elicitors from either S. bovinus or H. parviporum increased the root formation but increased concentration of elicitors from H. annosum decreased the rooting and survival rate of the embryos. At the molecular level, altered transcript changes were observed among genes encoding proteins involved in cell division, cell wall modification, and stress following exposure of embryos to elicitors. Increased levels of actin and peroxidase gene expression were detected at 7 days after exposure to S. bovinus or H. parviporum elicitors. H. annosum elicitors provoked significant induction of the ethylene synthesis gene PsACS‐1 . Generally the gene expression patterns at early stages observed in the subset of genes investigated after treatment with H. parviporum elicitor were found to be similar to that documented for S. bovinus. In contrast, somatic embryos exposed to H. annosum elicitor had different patterns of regulation marked by delayed response, and in some cases gradual degradation and death of the embryos were observed.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Pine genotype and elicitor source affected embryo root development.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the genotypic origin of the conifer tree and the source of the elicitors affected the root development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Suillus bovinus elicitors increased root formation.
- Treatment
- Elicitors from either S. bovinus or H. parviporume0
- Interactor
- S. bovinus
Suillus bovinuse0symbiont - Outcome
- root formatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elicitors from either S. bovinus or H. parviporum increased the root formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Heterobasidion parviporum elicitors increased root formation.
- Treatment
- Elicitors from either S. bovinus or H. parviporume0
- Interactor
- H. parviporum
Heterobasidion parviporume0pathogen - Outcome
- root formatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elicitors from either S. bovinus or H. parviporum increased the root formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing H. annosum elicitor concentration decreased embryo rooting and survival.
- Treatment
- increased concentration of elicitors from H. annosume0
- Interactor
- H. annosum
Heterobasidion annosume0pathogen - Outcome
- rooting and survival rate of the embryose0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased concentration of elicitors from H. annosum decreased the rooting and survival rate of the embryos.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor exposure altered transcripts for cell division, cell wall and stress genes.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“altered transcript changes were observed among genes encoding proteins involved in cell division, cell wall modification, and stress following exposure of embryos to elicitors.”
Claim · model-written summary
Suillus bovinus elicitors increased actin and peroxidase gene expression after seven days.
- Treatment
- S. bovinuse0
- Interactor
- S. bovinusSuillus bovinuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- actin and peroxidase gene expressione0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Qualifier
- 7 dayse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased levels of actin and peroxidase gene expression were detected at 7 days after exposure to S. bovinus or H. parviporum elicitors.”
Claim · model-written summary
H. parviporum elicitors increased actin and peroxidase expression after seven days.
- Treatment
- H. parviporum elicitorse0
- Interactor
- H. parviporumHeterobasidion parviporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- actin and peroxidase gene expressione0
- Direction
- Increasede0
- Qualifier
- 7 dayse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased levels of actin and peroxidase gene expression were detected at 7 days after exposure to S. bovinus or H. parviporum elicitors.”
Claim · model-written summary
H. annosum elicitors significantly induced PsACS-1.
- Treatment
- H. annosum elicitorse0
- Interactor
- H. annosumHeterobasidion annosume0pathogen
- Gene
- PsACS‐1e0
- Outcome
- ethylene synthesis gene PsACS‐1e0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H. annosum elicitors provoked significant induction of the ethylene synthesis gene PsACS‐1”
Claim · model-written summary
Early H. parviporum elicitor gene-expression patterns resembled those under S. bovinus elicitor.
- Treatment
- H. parviporum elicitore0
- Outcome
- gene expression patternse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- S. bovinuse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“gene expression patterns at early stages observed in the subset of genes investigated after treatment with H. parviporum elicitor were found to be similar to that documented for S. bovinus.”
Claim · model-written summary
H. annosum elicitors produced delayed gene-regulation patterns.
- Treatment
- H. annosum elicitore0
- Outcome
- patterns of regulatione0
- Direction
- differente0
- Qualifier
- delayed responsee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“somatic embryos exposed to H. annosum elicitor had different patterns of regulation marked by delayed response”
Claim · model-written summary
Some H. annosum exposed embryos degraded and died.
- Outcome
- gradual degradation and death of the embryose0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“in some cases gradual degradation and death of the embryos were observed.”