Abstract
Insect defoliation could reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines, but such effects have not previously been quantified for field-grown vines. The impact of Japanese beetle (JB) defoliation on midwinter primary bud cold hardiness of Norton, Chambourcin, and Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines was measured during the first two years of vineyard establishment. Effect on shoot length and periderm browning by late autumn was also evaluated for first-year vines. Three treatments were used to manipulate levels of defoliation: carbaryl applied either every 7 or every 14 days during the JB flight period (mid-June to mid-August) or no insecticide spray. Cuttings from dormant canes were subjected to a controlled freezing stress each February, and the temperature causing 50% lethal injury (LT50) to primary buds was compared among cultivars and treatments. All three cultivars sustained similar levels of JB defoliation, which ranged from light (3 to 8%), to moderate (13 to 26%), to severe (38 to 48%) under the 7-day, 14-day, and no-spray regimes, respectively. Norton and Chambourcin primary buds were more cold tolerant (i.e., had lower LT50) than Cabernet Sauvignon in both years. Japanese beetle defoliation of nonsprayed vines significantly reduced cold hardiness of all cultivars in one or both winters. Notably, biweekly cover sprays were as effective as weekly sprays in mitigating the adverse impact of JB defoliation on vine cold hardiness. Defoliation also reduced shoot length of first-year vines, and may be associated with earlier termination of late-season vine growth. The previously undocumented potential for JB injury to reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines exacerbates its impact as a serious vineyard pest.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Norton and Chambourcin primary buds were more cold tolerant than Cabernet Sauvignon in both years.
- Material
- Norton and Chambourcine5
- Organ / stage
- primary budse5
- Outcome
- LT50e5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Qualifier
- in both yearse5
- Comparator
- Cabernet Sauvignone5
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect defoliation could reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines”
e5“Norton and Chambourcin primary buds were more cold tolerant (i.e., had lower LT50) than Cabernet Sauvignon in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Japanese beetle defoliation of nonsprayed vines significantly reduced cold hardiness of all cultivars in one or both winters.
- Treatment
- Japanese beetle defoliatione2
- Interactor
- Japanese beetle
Popillia japonicae2pest - Outcome
- cold hardinesse2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- in one or both winterse2
- Comparator
- carbaryl applied either every 7 or every 14 dayse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect defoliation could reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines”
e1“Three treatments were used to manipulate levels of defoliation: carbaryl applied either every 7 or every 14 days during the JB flight period (mid-June to mid-August) or no insecticide spray”
e2“Japanese beetle defoliation of nonsprayed vines significantly reduced cold hardiness of all cultivars in one or both winters”
Claim · model-written summary
Biweekly cover sprays were as effective as weekly sprays in mitigating the adverse impact of JB defoliation on vine cold hardiness.
- Treatment
- biweekly cover sprayse3
- Interactor
- JBe3pest
- Outcome
- vine cold hardinesse3
- Direction
- as effective ase3
- Comparator
- weekly sprayse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect defoliation could reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines”
e3“biweekly cover sprays were as effective as weekly sprays in mitigating the adverse impact of JB defoliation on vine cold hardiness”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced shoot length of first-year vines.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect defoliation could reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines”
e4“Defoliation also reduced shoot length of first-year vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation was light (3 to 8%) under the 7-day regime.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect defoliation could reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines”
e6“All three cultivars sustained similar levels of JB defoliation, which ranged from light (3 to 8%), to moderate (13 to 26%), to severe (38 to 48%) under the 7-day, 14-day, and no-spray regimes, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation was moderate (13 to 26%) under the 14-day regime.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect defoliation could reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines”
e6“All three cultivars sustained similar levels of JB defoliation, which ranged from light (3 to 8%), to moderate (13 to 26%), to severe (38 to 48%) under the 7-day, 14-day, and no-spray regimes, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation was severe (38 to 48%) under the no-spray regime.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect defoliation could reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines”
e6“All three cultivars sustained similar levels of JB defoliation, which ranged from light (3 to 8%), to moderate (13 to 26%), to severe (38 to 48%) under the 7-day, 14-day, and no-spray regimes, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
All three cultivars sustained similar levels of Japanese beetle defoliation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect defoliation could reduce winter hardiness of young grapevines”
e6“All three cultivars sustained similar levels of JB defoliation, which ranged from light (3 to 8%), to moderate (13 to 26%), to severe (38 to 48%) under the 7-day, 14-day, and no-spray regimes, respectively”
The same questions in other papers
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application · tolerance: abiotic · VitisResults agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.