Abstract
To clarify the underlying physiological mechanism of gibberellic acid (GA) in cold tolerance, the effects of exogenous GA 3 on malondialdehyde (MDA), osmoregulation substances and endogenous hormones levels in the tiller nodes of two wheat cultivars, namely, Dongnongdongmai 1 (a cold insensitive cultivar) and Jimai 22 (a cold sensitive cultivar), were investigated at three periods of cold winter (0, -10, -25°C). The results showed that low concentrations of GA 3 (0.1 and 1 µM) decreased the endogenous GA concentration in both cultivars, but only increased the abscisic acid (ABA)/GA ratio in Dongnongdongmai 1. High concentrations of GA 3 (10 and 100 µM) increased the MDA level, retarded the accumulation of soluble protein and sugar in both cultivars, but decreased the content of ABA and the ratio of ABA/GA only in Dongnongdongmai 1 and had no influence on those in Jimai 22. The re-greening rate of Dongnongdongmai 1 decreased as the concentration of exogenous GA 3 increased. Correlation analyses showed that MDA was negatively correlated with re-greening rate, while soluble protein, sugar ABA content, and ABA/GA ratio were positively correlated with re-greening rate. In conclusion, low exogenous GA 3 level could decrease endogenous GA content and elevate ABA/GA ratio and soluble protein content, which help to improve cold tolerance. However, high exogenous GA 3 level decreased the ABA content and ABA/GA ratio, resulting in lower soluble sugar and protein content and aggravated oxidative damage, and finally weakened cold tolerance. The endogenous GA metabolism and ABA/GA balance play central roles in exogenous GA 3 mediated cold tolerance.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Low GA3 concentrations decreased endogenous GA in both wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Dongnongdongmai 1e1
- Treatment
- low concentrations of GA 3 (0.1 and 1 µM)e0
- Outcome
- endogenous GA concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low concentrations of GA 3 (0.1 and 1 µM) decreased the endogenous GA concentration in both cultivars”
e1“two wheat cultivars, namely, Dongnongdongmai 1 (a cold insensitive cultivar) and Jimai 22 (a cold sensitive cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low GA3 concentrations decreased endogenous GA in Jimai 22.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Jimai 22e1
- Treatment
- low concentrations of GA 3 (0.1 and 1 µM)e0
- Outcome
- endogenous GA concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low concentrations of GA 3 (0.1 and 1 µM) decreased the endogenous GA concentration in both cultivars”
e1“Jimai 22 (a cold sensitive cultivar)”
e2“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Low GA3 increased the ABA/GA ratio only in Dongnongdongmai 1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Dongnongdongmai 1e0
- Treatment
- low concentrations of GA 3 (0.1 and 1 µM)e1
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA)/GA ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but only increased the abscisic acid (ABA)/GA ratio in Dongnongdongmai 1.”
e1“low concentrations of GA 3 (0.1 and 1 µM)”
e2“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
High GA3 increased MDA in both wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- High concentrations of GA 3 (10 and 100 µM)e0
- Outcome
- MDA levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High concentrations of GA 3 (10 and 100 µM) increased the MDA level, retarded the accumulation of soluble protein and sugar in both cultivars”
e1“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
High GA3 retarded soluble protein and sugar accumulation in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- High concentrations of GA 3 (10 and 100 µM)e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of soluble protein and sugare0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High concentrations of GA 3 (10 and 100 µM) increased the MDA level, retarded the accumulation of soluble protein and sugar in both cultivars”
e1“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
High GA3 decreased ABA content and ABA/GA ratio in Dongnongdongmai 1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Dongnongdongmai 1e0
- Treatment
- High concentrations of GA 3 (10 and 100 µM)e1
- Outcome
- content of ABA and the ratio of ABA/GAe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the content of ABA and the ratio of ABA/GA only in Dongnongdongmai 1 and had no influence on those in Jimai 22.”
e1“High concentrations of GA 3 (10 and 100 µM)”
e2“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
High GA3 did not alter ABA content or ABA/GA ratio in Jimai 22.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- Jimai 22e0
- Treatment
- High concentrations of GA 3 (10 and 100 µM)e1
- Outcome
- content of ABA and the ratio of ABA/GAe0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the content of ABA and the ratio of ABA/GA only in Dongnongdongmai 1 and had no influence on those in Jimai 22.”
e1“High concentrations of GA 3 (10 and 100 µM)”
e2“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Dongnongdongmai 1 re-greening rate declined as exogenous GA3 concentration increased.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Dongnongdongmai 1e0
- Treatment
- concentration of exogenous GA 3e0
- Outcome
- re-greening ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The re-greening rate of Dongnongdongmai 1 decreased as the concentration of exogenous GA 3 increased.”
e1“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA correlated negatively with re-greening rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Compound
- MDAe0
- Outcome
- re-greening ratee0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA was negatively correlated with re-greening rate”
e1“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble protein, sugar and ABA content correlated positively with re-greening rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Compound
- soluble protein, sugar ABA contente0
- Outcome
- re-greening ratee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble protein, sugar ABA content, and ABA/GA ratio were positively correlated with re-greening rate.”
e1“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA/GA ratio correlated positively with re-greening rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Compound
- ABA/GA ratioe0
- Outcome
- re-greening ratee0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soluble protein, sugar ABA content, and ABA/GA ratio were positively correlated with re-greening rate.”
e1“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpret low exogenous GA3 as improving cold tolerance through lower endogenous GA and higher ABA/GA and soluble protein.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- low exogenous GA 3 levele0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Qualifier
- decrease endogenous GA content and elevate ABA/GA ratio and soluble protein contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low exogenous GA 3 level could decrease endogenous GA content and elevate ABA/GA ratio and soluble protein content, which help to improve cold tolerance.”
e1“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpret high exogenous GA3 as weakening cold tolerance through ABA decline, reduced solutes and oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- high exogenous GA 3 levele0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- weakenede0
- Qualifier
- lower soluble sugar and protein content and aggravated oxidative damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high exogenous GA 3 level decreased the ABA content and ABA/GA ratio, resulting in lower soluble sugar and protein content and aggravated oxidative damage, and finally weakened cold tolerance.”
e1“two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous GA metabolism and ABA/GA balance are proposed as central to GA3-mediated cold tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- exogenous GA 3 mediated cold tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- endogenous GA metabolism and ABA/GA balancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The endogenous GA metabolism and ABA/GA balance play central roles in exogenous GA 3 mediated cold tolerance.”
e1“two wheat cultivars”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.