Abstract
In 2010, a hybrid seed corn production field was confirmed to be infested with a population of Amaranthus tuberculatus that was not controlled by postemergence applications of all tested commercially available HPPDinhibitor herbicides. In glasshouse and field studies, resistance to post-emergence applications of mesotrione, tembotrione and topramezone was confirmed. In addition, this population was identified to be resistant to ALSinhibitors and to triazines. A. tuberculatus is a very competitive weed, which can appear in high population density and can emerge even very late during the season. A. tuberculatus is dioecious and therefore an obligate outcrosser, which is leading to high genetic variability within a population. All these biological features increase the risk of developing resistance to herbicides. Therefore, the field history explains clearly that this resistance developed under specific conditions. In this field, inbred corn was grown for at least seven consecutive years. Inbred corn is much less competitive with weeds compared to hybrid field corn and herbicide options are reduced vs. hybrid field corn production. In addition due to the resistance to triazines, only one effective mode of action (HPPD) has been used post-emergence to control A. tuberculatus for over seven consecutive years. The resistance development in this A. tuberculatus population is clearly a result of the lack of diversity in the weed management plan which should include crop and herbicide rotation. Field testing showed pre-emergence applications of mesotrione combinations (Lumax®, Lexar®) provided good control of this A. tuberculatus population. In addition alternative herbicides to control this population have been identified: Glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, PPGO-inhibitors, auxins, and triazinones were very effective.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The Amaranthus population resisted tested postemergence HPPD inhibitors.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- postemergence applications of all tested commercially available HPPDinhibitor herbicidese0
- Interactor
- Amaranthus tuberculatus
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Amaranthus tuberculatuse0weed - Outcome
- Amaranthus tuberculatus that was not controllede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e0“a hybrid seed corn production field was confirmed to be infested with a population of Amaranthus tuberculatus that was not controlled by postemergence applications of all tested commercially available HPPDinhibitor herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance to mesotrione, tembotrione and topramezone was confirmed.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- A. tuberculatusAmaranthus tuberculatuse1weed
- Outcome
- resistance to post-emergence applications of mesotrione, tembotrione and topramezonee0
- Setting
- glasshouse and fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In glasshouse and field studies, resistance to post-emergence applications of mesotrione, tembotrione and topramezone was confirmed.”
e1“A. tuberculatus is a very competitive weed”
t0“seed corn production fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The population was also resistant to ALS inhibitors and triazines.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- A. tuberculatusAmaranthus tuberculatuse1weed
- Outcome
- resistant to ALSinhibitors and to triazinese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this population was identified to be resistant to ALSinhibitors and to triazines”
e1“A. tuberculatus is a very competitive weed”
t0“seed corn production fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence mesotrione combinations gave good control of the Amaranthus population.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- pre-emergence applications of mesotrione combinations (Lumax®, Lexar®)e0
- Interactor
- A. tuberculatusAmaranthus tuberculatuse0weed
- Outcome
- control of this A. tuberculatus populatione0
- Direction
- goode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field testing showed pre-emergence applications of mesotrione combinations (Lumax®, Lexar®) provided good control of this A. tuberculatus population.”
t0“seed corn production fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, PPGO inhibitors, auxins and triazinones were very effective alternatives.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, PPGO-inhibitors, auxins, and triazinonese0
- Interactor
- A. tuberculatusAmaranthus tuberculatuse2weed
- Outcome
- control this populatione1
- Direction
- very effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, PPGO-inhibitors, auxins, and triazinones were very effective.”
e1“alternative herbicides to control this population”
e2“A. tuberculatus is a very competitive weed”
t0“seed corn production fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute resistance to lack of diversity and recommend crop and herbicide rotation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- crop and herbicide rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lack of diversity in the weed management plan which should include crop and herbicide rotation”
t0“seed corn production fields”
The same questions in other papers
mesotrione · Amaranthus tuberculatus · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
herbicide · Amaranthus tuberculatus · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.