Abstract
Control of regular cropping in apple is considered critical for fruit growers to ensure their economical sustainability. Irregular flowering can be mitigated by plant growth regulators thanks to their promotion or inhibition effects. In this study, responses of GA4+7 and ethephon on alternate bearing in ‘Golden Delicious’/M9 were examined. GA4+7 and ethephon were applied on the same trees during three consecutive years (2010–12). Flowering, yield, shoot growth, and also some fruit quality parameters were assessed. GA4+7 appeared to be more effectual to regulate alternate bearing. The alternate bearing index calculated with yield in successive years was high in control (0.91), moderate in ethephon (0.71), and low in GA4+7 treated trees (0.41). Modified alternate bearing index, based on cluster number, indicated moderate intensity in GA4+7 (0.53) and high intensity in the others. Although GA4+7 reduced crop density at about 50%, there was little variation in yield per tree and crop efficiency due to increasing of fruit size. GA4+7 did not increase shot length after establishment of equilibrium between vegetative and generative growth in 2012. Ethephon slightly reduced vegetative growth and relatively increased fruit size due to the decrease of fruit set.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The yield-based alternate-bearing index was 0.91 in controls.
Verbatim
e0“The alternate bearing index calculated with yield in successive years was high in control (0.91), moderate in ethephon (0.71), and low in GA4+7 treated trees (0.41)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon-treated apple trees had a moderate yield-based alternate-bearing index of 0.71.
Verbatim
e0“The alternate bearing index calculated with yield in successive years was high in control (0.91), moderate in ethephon (0.71), and low in GA4+7 treated trees (0.41)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA4+7-treated apple trees had a low yield-based alternate-bearing index of 0.41.
Verbatim
e0“The alternate bearing index calculated with yield in successive years was high in control (0.91), moderate in ethephon (0.71), and low in GA4+7 treated trees (0.41)”
Claim · model-written summary
The cluster-number-based alternate-bearing index was moderate at 0.53 under GA4+7 and high under the other treatments.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- GA4+7e0
- Outcome
- Modified alternate bearing indexe0
- Direction
- moderatee0
- Value
- 0.53e0
- Comparator
- the otherse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Trees”
e0“Modified alternate bearing index, based on cluster number, indicated moderate intensity in GA4+7 (0.53) and high intensity in the others”
Claim · model-written summary
GA4+7 reduced crop density by about 50%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Trees”
e0“GA4+7 reduced crop density at about 50%”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield per tree and crop efficiency varied little under GA4+7 because fruit size increased.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- yield per tree and crop efficiencye0
- Direction
- little variatione0
- Qualifier
- due to increasing of fruit sizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Trees”
e0“there was little variation in yield per tree and crop efficiency due to increasing of fruit size”
Claim · model-written summary
GA4+7 increased fruit size.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA4+7e0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Trees”
e0“GA4+7 reduced crop density at about 50%, there was little variation in yield per tree and crop efficiency due to increasing of fruit size”
Claim · model-written summary
GA4+7 did not increase shoot length after vegetative and generative growth reached equilibrium in 2012.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA4+7e0
- Outcome
- shot lengthe0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- after establishment of equilibrium between vegetative and generative growth in 2012e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Trees”
e0“GA4+7 did not increase shot length after establishment of equilibrium between vegetative and generative growth in 2012”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon slightly reduced vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Trees”
e0“Ethephon slightly reduced vegetative growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon relatively increased fruit size.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- relativelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Trees”
e0“Ethephon slightly reduced vegetative growth and relatively increased fruit size due to the decrease of fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon decreased fruit set.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Trees”
e0“Ethephon slightly reduced vegetative growth and relatively increased fruit size due to the decrease of fruit set”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
43 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
69 papers more in this group
See all 73 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.