Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants because it represents a major constituent of numerous cellular compounds, including proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids and lipids. While N deprivation is known to have severe consequences for primary carbon metabolism, the effect on chloroplast lipid metabolism has not been analysed in higher plants. Nitrogen limitation in Arabidopsis led to a decrease in the chloroplast galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and a concomitant increase in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), which correlated with an elevated expression of the DGDG synthase genes DGD1 and DGD2. The amounts of triacylglycerol and free fatty acids increased during N deprivation. Furthermore, phytyl esters accumulated containing medium-chain fatty acids (12:0, 14:0) and a large amount of hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3). Fatty acid phytyl esters were localized to chloroplasts, in particular to thylakoids and plastoglobules. Different polyunsaturated acyl groups were found in phytyl esters accumulating in Arabidopsis lipid mutants and in other plants, including 16:3 and 18:3 species. Therefore N deficiency in higher plants results in a co-ordinated breakdown of galactolipids and chlorophyll with deposition of specific fatty acid phytyl esters in thylakoids and plastoglobules of chloroplasts.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen limitation decreased MGDG.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Nitrogen limitatione0
- Outcome
- chloroplast galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen limitation in Arabidopsis led to a decrease in the chloroplast galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen limitation increased DGDG.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen limitatione0
- Outcome
- digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen limitation in Arabidopsis led to a decrease in the chloroplast galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and a concomitant increase in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG)”
Claim · model-written summary
DGDG increase correlated with elevated expression of DGD1 and DGD2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- DGD1 and DGD2e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a concomitant increase in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), which correlated with an elevated expression of the DGDG synthase genes DGD1 and DGD2”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Triacylglycerol increased during N deprivation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- N deprivatione0
- Outcome
- amounts of triacylglycerole0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amounts of triacylglycerol and free fatty acids increased during N deprivation”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Free fatty acids increased during N deprivation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- N deprivatione0
- Outcome
- free fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amounts of triacylglycerol and free fatty acids increased during N deprivation”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytyl esters accumulated with 12:0, 14:0 and 16:3 fatty acids.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- phytyl esters accumulatede0
- Qualifier
- medium-chain fatty acids (12:0, 14:0) and a large amount of hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytyl esters accumulated containing medium-chain fatty acids (12:0, 14:0) and a large amount of hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Fatty acid phytyl esters occurred in chloroplast thylakoids and plastoglobules.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- thylakoids and plastoglobulese0
- Outcome
- Fatty acid phytyl esters were localized to chloroplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fatty acid phytyl esters were localized to chloroplasts, in particular to thylakoids and plastoglobules”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid mutants and other plants accumulated phytyl esters with different polyunsaturated acyl groups.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- lipid mutantse0
- Outcome
- Different polyunsaturated acyl groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Different polyunsaturated acyl groups were found in phytyl esters accumulating in Arabidopsis lipid mutants and in other plants, including 16:3 and 18:3 species”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- negative
- positive
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.